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This function returns a vector obtained by stacking the columns of \(\bold{X}\).
vec(x)
Let \(\bold{X}\) be a \(n\) by \(m\) matrix, then vec(\(\bold{X}\)) is a \(nm\)-dimensional vector.
vec
a numeric matrix.
x <- matrix(rep(1:10, each = 10), ncol = 10) x y <- vec(x) y
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