matrix of sizes \(M \times N\), specifying values of \(N\)
function of \(M\) time points
time
vector of length \(M\), specifying the sample points of functions
lambda
controls amount of warping (default = 0)
pen
alignment penalty (default = "roughness") options are
second derivative ("roughness"), geodesic distance from id ("geodesic"),
and norm from id ("norm")
parallel
run computation in parallel (default = TRUE)
References
T. Harris, J. D. Tucker, B. Li, and L. Shand, "Elastic depths for
detecting shape anomalies in functional data," Technometrics,
10.1080/00401706.2020.1811156, 2020.