Fields is a collection of programs for curve and function
fitting with an emphasis on spatial data and spatial statistics. The
major methods implemented include cubic and thin plate splines,
universal
Kriging and Kriging for large data sets. One main feature is any
covariance function implemented in R code can be used for spatial prediction. Another important feature is that fields will take advantage of compactly supported covariance functions in a seamless way through
the spam package. See library( help=fields)
for a listing of all the
fields contents and I recommend the excellent fields vignette created by Ashton and Mitch:
Fields Vignette
fields stives to have readable and tutorial code. Take a look at the
source code for mKrig
to see how things work
"under the hood" and how a statistical, linear algebra computation is
overloaded to handle sparse matrices.
To load fields with the comments retained in the source
use keep.source = TRUE
in the library
command.
We also keep the source on-line:
refer to the github directory
https://github.com/NCAR/Fields for commented source.
Major methods
spatialProcess
An easy to use method that fits a spatial process model
( e.g. Kriging) but also estimates the key spatial parameters: nugget variance, sill variance and range by maximum likelihood. Default covariance model is a Matern covariance function.
Tps
Thin Plate spline
regression including GCV and REML estimates for the smoothing parameter.
Krig
Spatial process estimation that is the core function of fields.
The Krig function allows you to supply a covariance function that is
written in native R code. See (stationary.cov
) that includes
several families of covariances and distance metrics including the
Matern and great circle distance.
mKrig
(micro Krig) are
fastTps
fast efficient Universal Kriging and spline-like functions, that can take advantage of sparse covariance
functions and thus handle very large numbers of spatial locations.
QTps
A easy to use extension of thin plate splines for quantile and robust surface fitting.
mKrigMLEGrid
for maximum likelihood estimates of covariance parameters. This function also
handles replicate fields assumed to be independent realizations at the same locations.
Other noteworthy functions
vgram
and vgram.matrix
find variograms for spatial data (and
with temporal replications.
cover.design
Generates space-filling designs where the distance
function is expresed in R code.
as.image
, image.plot
, drape.plot
, quilt.plot
add.image
, crop.image
, half.image
, average.image
,
designer.colors
, color.scale
, in.poly
Many
convenient functions for working with image data and rationally (well,
maybe reasonably) creating and placing a color scale on an image plot.
See also grid.list
for how fields works with grids and US
and world
for adding a map quickly.
sreg
splint
Fast 1-D smoothing
splines and interpolating cubic splines.
Generic functions that support the methods
plot
- diagnostic plots of fit
summary
- statistical summary of fit
print
- shorter version of summary
surface
- graphical display of fitted surface
predict
- evaluation fit at arbitrary points
predictSE
- prediction standard errors at arbitrary points.
sim.rf
- Simulate a random fields on a 2-d grid.
Getting Started
Try some of the examples from help files for Tps
or
spatialProcess
.
Graphics tips
help( fields.hints)
gives some R code tricks for setting up common legends and axes.
And has little to do with this package!
Testing
See help(fields.tests)
for testing fields.
Some fields datasets
CO2
Global satelite CO2 concentrations (simulated field)
RCMexample
Regional climate model output
lennon
Image of John Lennon
COmonthlyMet
Monthly mean temperatures and precip for Colorado
RMelevation
Digital elevations for the Rocky Mountain Empire
ozone2
Daily max 8 hour ozone concentrations for the US midwest
for summer 1987.
PRISMelevation
Digital elevations for the
continental US at approximately 4km resolution
NorthAmericanRainfall
50+ year average and trend for summer rainfall at
1700+ stations.
rat.diet
Small paired study on rat food intake over time.
WorldBankCO2
Demographic and carbon emission data
for 75 countries and for 1999.
DISCLAIMER:
The
authors can not guarantee the correctness of any function or program in
this package.