# gdistance v1.3-6

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## Distances and Routes on Geographical Grids

Provides classes and functions to calculate various distance measures and routes in heterogeneous geographic spaces represented as grids. The package implements measures to model dispersal histories first presented by van Etten and Hijmans (2010) <doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012060>. Least-cost distances as well as more complex distances based on (constrained) random walks can be calculated. The distances implemented in the package are used in geographical genetics, accessibility indicators, and may also have applications in other fields of geospatial analysis.

## Functions in gdistance

 Name Description Transition-classes Transition classes adjacencyFromTransition Adjacent cells Summary-methods Summary methods accCost Accumulated Cost Surface gdistance Distances and Routes on Geographical Grids ArithMath-methods Arithmetic and mathematical operations with objects of Transition* classes Transition-extract-replace Extracting and replacing: class Transition raster,TransitionLayer-method RasterLayer from TransitionLayer object Coords class Coords class Transition-slots Extract or change elements of Transition* objects pathInc Incidence of paths from a common origin: overlap and non-overlap commuteDistance Commute-time distance Calculates the resistance distance between points. costDistance Cost distance rSPDistance Randomized shortest path distance overlap Overlap and nonoverlap of trajectories genDist Genetic distances and coordinates of haplogroup R1b1b2 populations in Europe passage Probability of passage shortestPath Shortest path geoCorrection Geographic Correction normalize Normalize sumReciprocal Reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of conductance values in Transition* objects transition Create an object of the class Transition No Results!