The power of spatial determinant formula is
\(q_s = 1 - \frac{\sum_{h=1}^L N_h \Gamma_h}{N \Gamma}\)
References
Xuezhi Cang & Wei Luo (2018) Spatial association detector (SPADE),International
Journal of Geographical Information Science, 32:10, 2055-2075, DOI: 10.1080/13658816.2018.1476693