# geom_boxplot

0th

Percentile

##### A box and whiskers plot (in the style of Tukey)

The boxplot compactly displays the distribution of a continuous variable. It visualises five summary statistics (the median, two hinges and two whiskers), and all "outlying" points individually.

##### Usage
geom_boxplot(mapping = NULL, data = NULL, stat = "boxplot", position = "dodge", ..., outlier.colour = NULL, outlier.color = NULL, outlier.fill = NULL, outlier.shape = 19, outlier.size = 1.5, outlier.stroke = 0.5, outlier.alpha = NULL, notch = FALSE, notchwidth = 0.5, varwidth = FALSE, na.rm = FALSE, show.legend = NA, inherit.aes = TRUE)
stat_boxplot(mapping = NULL, data = NULL, geom = "boxplot", position = "dodge", ..., coef = 1.5, na.rm = FALSE, show.legend = NA, inherit.aes = TRUE)
##### Arguments
mapping
Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes or aes_. If specified and inherit.aes = TRUE (the default), it is combined with the default mapping at the top level of the plot. You must supply mapping if there is no plot mapping.
data
The data to be displayed in this layer. There are three options:

If NULL, the default, the data is inherited from the plot data as specified in the call to ggplot.

A data.frame, or other object, will override the plot data. All objects will be fortified to produce a data frame. See fortify for which variables will be created.

A function will be called with a single argument, the plot data. The return value must be a data.frame., and will be used as the layer data.

position
Position adjustment, either as a string, or the result of a call to a position adjustment function.
...
other arguments passed on to layer. These are often aesthetics, used to set an aesthetic to a fixed value, like color = "red" or size = 3. They may also be parameters to the paired geom/stat.
outlier.colour, outlier.color, outlier.fill, outlier.shape, outlier.size, outlier.stroke, outlier.alpha
Default aesthetics for outliers. Set to NULL to inherit from the aesthetics used for the box.

In the unlikely event you specify both US and UK spellings of colour, the US spelling will take precedence.

notch
if FALSE (default) make a standard box plot. If TRUE, make a notched box plot. Notches are used to compare groups; if the notches of two boxes do not overlap, this suggests that the medians are significantly different.
notchwidth
for a notched box plot, width of the notch relative to the body (default 0.5)
varwidth
if FALSE (default) make a standard box plot. If TRUE, boxes are drawn with widths proportional to the square-roots of the number of observations in the groups (possibly weighted, using the weight aesthetic).
na.rm
If FALSE, the default, missing values are removed with a warning. If TRUE, missing values are silently removed.
show.legend
logical. Should this layer be included in the legends? NA, the default, includes if any aesthetics are mapped. FALSE never includes, and TRUE always includes.
inherit.aes
If FALSE, overrides the default aesthetics, rather than combining with them. This is most useful for helper functions that define both data and aesthetics and shouldn't inherit behaviour from the default plot specification, e.g. borders.
geom, stat
Use to override the default connection between geom_boxplot and stat_boxplot.
coef
length of the whiskers as multiple of IQR. Defaults to 1.5
##### Summary statistics

The lower and upper hinges correspond to the first and third quartiles (the 25th and 75th percentiles). This differs slightly from the method used by the boxplot function, and may be apparent with small samples. See boxplot.stats for for more information on how hinge positions are calculated for boxplot. The upper whisker extends from the hinge to the largest value no further than 1.5 * IQR from the hinge (where IQR is the inter-quartile range, or distance between the first and third quartiles). The lower whisker extends from the hinge to the smallest value at most 1.5 * IQR of the hinge. Data beyond the end of the whiskers are called "outlying" points and are plotted individually. In a notched box plot, the notches extend 1.58 * IQR / sqrt(n). This gives a roughly 95% confidence interval for comparing medians. See McGill et al. (1978) for more details.

##### Aesthetics

\aestheticsgeomboxplot

##### References

McGill, R., Tukey, J. W. and Larsen, W. A. (1978) Variations of box plots. The American Statistician 32, 12-16.

geom_quantile for continuous x, geom_violin for a richer display of the distribution, and geom_jitter for a useful technique for small data.
library(ggplot2) p <- ggplot(mpg, aes(class, hwy)) p + geom_boxplot() p + geom_boxplot() + geom_jitter(width = 0.2) p + geom_boxplot() + coord_flip() p + geom_boxplot(notch = TRUE) p + geom_boxplot(varwidth = TRUE) p + geom_boxplot(fill = "white", colour = "#3366FF") # By default, outlier points match the colour of the box. Use # outlier.colour to override p + geom_boxplot(outlier.colour = "red", outlier.shape = 1) # Boxplots are automatically dodged when any aesthetic is a factor p + geom_boxplot(aes(colour = drv)) # You can also use boxplots with continuous x, as long as you supply # a grouping variable. cut_width is particularly useful ggplot(diamonds, aes(carat, price)) + geom_boxplot() ggplot(diamonds, aes(carat, price)) + geom_boxplot(aes(group = cut_width(carat, 0.25))) ggplot(diamonds, aes(carat, price)) + geom_boxplot(aes(group = cut_width(carat, 0.25)), outlier.alpha = 0.1) # It's possible to draw a boxplot with your own computations if you # use stat = "identity": y <- rnorm(100) df <- data.frame( x = 1, y0 = min(y), y25 = quantile(y, 0.25), y50 = median(y), y75 = quantile(y, 0.75), y100 = max(y) ) ggplot(df, aes(x)) + geom_boxplot( aes(ymin = y0, lower = y25, middle = y50, upper = y75, ymax = y100), stat = "identity" )