bandplot: Plot x-y Points with Locally Smoothed Mean and Standard Deviation

Description

Plot x-y points with curves for locally smoothed mean and standard deviation.

Usage

bandplot(x,...)
## S3 method for class 'formula':
bandplot(x, data, subset, na.action, ...,
           xlab=NULL, ylab=NULL, add = FALSE, sd = c(-2:2),
           sd.col=c("magenta", "blue", "red", "blue", "magenta"),
           sd.lwd=c(2, 2, 3, 2, 2),  sd.lty=c(2, 1, 1, 1, 2),
           method = "frac", width = 1/5, n=50)
## S3 method for class 'default':
bandplot(x, y, ..., add = FALSE, sd = c(-2:2),
           sd.col=c("magenta", "blue", "red", "blue", "magenta"),
           sd.lwd=c(2, 2, 3, 2, 2),  sd.lty=c(2, 1, 1, 1, 2),
           method = "frac", width = 1/5, n=50)

Arguments

either formula providing a single dependent variable (y) and an single independent variable (x) to use as coordinates in the scatter plot or a numeric vector of x locations

numeric vector of y locations

data

an optional data.frame, list, or environment contianing the variables used in the model (and in subset). If not found in data, the variables are taken from environment(formula), typically the environment from which lm is called.

subset

an optional vector specifying a subset of observations to be used in the fitting process.

na.action

a function which indicates what should happen when the data contain NAs. The default is set by the na.action setting of options, and is na.fail if that is unset. The factory-fresh default is na.omit. Another possible value is NULL, no a

...

Additional plotting parameters

xlab, ylab

x and y axis labels

add

Boolean indicating whether the local mean and standard deviation lines should be added to an existing plot. Defaults to FALSE.

Vector of multiples of the standard devation that should be plotted. 0 gives the mean, -1 gives the mean minus one standard deviation, etc. Defaults to -2:2.

sd.col,sd.lwd,sd.lty

Color, line width, and line type of each plotted line.

method, width, n

Parameters controlling the smoothing. See the help page for wapply for details.

Value

Invisibly returns a list containing the x,y points plotted for each line.

Details

bandplot was created to look for changes in the mean or variance of scatter plots, particularly plots of regression residuals.

The local mean and standard deviation are calculated by calling 'wapply'. By default, bandplot asks wapply to smooth using intervals that include the nearest 1/5 of the data. See the documentation of that function for details on the algorithm.

Examples

Run this code

# fixed mean, changing variance
x <- 1:1000
y <- rnorm(1000, mean=1, sd=1 + x/1000 )
bandplot(x,y)
bandplot(y~x)

# fixed varance, changing mean
x <- 1:1000
y <- rnorm(1000, mean=x/1000, sd=1)
bandplot(x,y)

#
# changing mean and variance
#
x <- abs(rnorm(500))
y <- rnorm(500, mean=2*x, sd=2+2*x)

# the changing mean and dispersion are hard to see whith the points alone:
plot(x,y )

# regression picks up the mean trend, but not the change in variance
reg <- lm(y~x)
summary(reg)
abline(reg=reg, col="blue", lwd=2)

# using bandplot on the original data helps to show the mean and
# variance trend
bandplot(y ~ x)

# using bandplot on the residuals helps to see that regression removes
# the mean trend but leaves the trend in variability
bandplot(predict(reg),resid(reg))