The (symmetric) Laplacian of a graph is a square matrix with dimention equal the number of nodes. It is defined as $$L_{ij} = n_i \textrm{ if } i=j, -1 \textrm{ if } i\sim j, 0 \textrm{ otherwise}$$ where i~j means that there is an edge between nodes i and j and n_i is the number of edges including node i.
Laplacian(graph)# S3 method for default
Laplacian(graph)
# S3 method for matrix
Laplacian(graph)
matrix as the Laplacian of a graph
an object that inherits a matrix class
Laplacian(default)
: The Laplacian default method (none)
Laplacian(matrix)
: The Laplacian of a matrix