healthiar (version 0.2.3)

socialize: Consider socio-economic aspects in the attributable health impacts

Description

This function analyzes differences in attributable health impacts across study areas looking at the value of a socio-economic indicator (e.g. multiple deprivation index). If nothing is entered in the argument output_attribute, it is assumed that all data come from a table and the argument refer to the columns of that table.

Usage

socialize(
  output_attribute = NULL,
  age_group,
  geo_id_micro,
  social_indicator = NULL,
  increasing_deprivation = TRUE,
  n_quantile = NULL,
  social_quantile = NULL,
  population = NULL,
  ref_prop_pop = NULL,
  impact = NULL,
  exp = NULL,
  bhd = NULL,
  pop_fraction = NULL
)

Value

This function returns a list containing the impact (absolute and relative) theoretically attributable to the difference in the social indicator (e.g. degree of deprivation) between the quantiles:

1) social_main (tibble) containing the main results;

• difference_value (numeric column) attributable health burden/impact due to differences in deprivation levels

• And more

2) social_detailed (list) containing detailed (and interim) results.

• input_data_with_quantile (tibble) containing input data and information about the social quantile

• results_all_parameters (tibble) containing deprivation-related results

• parameters_overall (tibble) containing overall results for different input variables

• parameters_per_quantile (tibble) containing quantile-specific results for different input variables

If the argument output_attribute was specified, then the two lists are added next to the existing attribute output.

Arguments

output_attribute

List containing the outputs of the healthiar::attribute_health() assessments for each age group (each list element should be an age group-specific assessment).

age_group

String vector with the age groups included in the age standardization. The vector refers to age-dependent data in this function and to output_attribute (if provided).

geo_id_micro,

Numeric vector or string vector specifying the unique ID codes of each geographic area considered in the assessment (geo_id_micro).

social_indicator

Numeric vector showing the social indicator used for the analysis, e.g. a deprivation score (indicator of economic wealth) for each geographic unit. The length and the values must correspond with geo_id_micro. If geo_id_micro is not entered when using argument output_attribute, social_indicator must correspond to the column geo_id_micro in results_by_age_group of output_attribute.

increasing_deprivation

Boolean variable (TRUE/FALSE) specifying whether an increase in social_indicator corresponds to an increase (TRUE) or decrease FALSE in deprivation. Default: TRUE.

n_quantile

Integer value specifying the number of quantiles in the analysis.

social_quantile

Integer vector showing the values from 1 to the number of quantiles assigned to each geographic unit. Either enter social_indicator and n_quantile or social_quantile

population

Numeric vector specifying the population by age group and geographic unit.

ref_prop_pop

Numeric vector specifying with the reference proportion of population for each age group. If this argument is empty, the proportion of population by age group in the provided data will be used.

impact

(only if output_attribute not specified) Numeric vector containing the attributable health impacts by both age group and geo id.

exp

(only if output_attribute not specified) Numeric vector specifying the exposure level(s) to the environmental stressor.

bhd

(only if output_attribute not specified) Numeric vector specifying the baseline health data of the health outcome of interest per age group.

pop_fraction

(only if output_attribute not specified) Numeric vector specifying the population attributable fraction by age group and geographic unit.

Author

Alberto Castro & Axel Luyten

Details

Methodology

This function estimates the absolute and relative differences in attributable health impacts comparing study areas with different values for a socio-economic indicator Renard2019_bmc,Otavova_2022_bmchealthiar.

Detailed information about the methodology (including equations) is available in the package vignette. More specifically, see chapters:

• Health impact attributable to social indicator

References

See Also

• Upstream: attribute_health, attribute_lifetable, prepare_mdi,

Examples

# Goal: determine fraction of attributable health impact that can
# be attributed to differences in deprivation between the geographic
# units under analysis

## Create assessments for multiple geographic units for the age group
## 40 years and younger
results_age_groups <-
   healthiar::attribute_health(
     age_group = exdat_socialize$age_group,
     exp_central = exdat_socialize$pm25_mean,
     cutoff_central = 0,
     rr_central = exdat_socialize$rr,
     erf_shape = "log_linear",
     rr_increment = 10,
     bhd_central = exdat_socialize$mortality,
     population = exdat_socialize$population,
     geo_id_micro = exdat_socialize$geo_unit)

## Difference in attributable impacts between geographic units
## that is attributable to differences in deprivation
results <- socialize(
  output_attribute = results_age_groups,
  age_group = exdat_socialize$age_group, # The same as in attribute_health()
  ref_prop_pop = exdat_socialize$ref_prop_pop,
  geo_id_micro = exdat_socialize$geo_unit,
  social_indicator = exdat_socialize$score,
  n_quantile = 10,
  increasing_deprivation = TRUE)


results$social_main |>
  dplyr::filter(difference_type == "relative") |>
  dplyr::filter(difference_compared_with == "overall") |>
  dplyr::select(first, last, difference_type, difference_value, comment)