intamap (version 1.3-21)

unbiasedKrige: Unbiased kriging

Description

unbiasedKrige is a function for modifying a kriging prediction to a prediction that can be assumed to be unbiased for a certain threshold.

Usage

unbiasedKrige(object, formulaString, observations, predictionLocations,
              model, outputWhat, nmax, nsim, yamamoto, iwqmaxit = 500,
              iwqCpAddLim = 0.0001, debug.level, ...)

Arguments

object

either an object of the intamap type (see intamap-package for further description of the necessary content of this variable) or the output from the function

formulaString

formula that defines the dependent variable as a linear model of independent variables; suppose the dependent variable has name z, for ordinary and simple kriging use the formula z~1; for universal kriging, suppose z is linearly dependent on x and

observations

a Spatial*DataFrame with observations; should contain the dependent variable, independent variables, and coordinates

predictionLocations

the predictionLocations, only necessary if the method is "IWQSEL" and formulaString contains independent variables. Should preferentally be a grid if the method is "IWQSEL"

model

variogram model of dependent variable (or its residuals), defined by a call to vgm or autofitVariogram

outputWhat

Argument with type of unbiasedness method ("MOK" or "IWQSEL") and the thresholds.

nmax

for local kriging: the number of nearest observations that should be used in simulations for the "IWQSEL" method in terms of the space of the spatial locations. Defaults to nmax = 10 when object is a Spatial*DataFrame.

nsim

number of simulations necessary if the method is "IWQSEL". Defaults to nsim = 100 when object is a Spatial*DataFrame.

yamamoto

logical describing if the yamamoto approach )is to be used in simulations. Defaults to yamamoto = FALSE when object is a Spatial*DataFrame.

iwqmaxit

maximum number of iterations in iwqsel

iwqCpAddLim

convergence criteria in iwqsel

debug.level

debug level, passed to subfunctions

...

other arguments that will be passed to subfunctions

Value

• an object of type intamap, as described in intamap-package, or a Spatial*DataFrame with one or more new prediction columns, representing different methods and thresholds.

Details

It is a fact that predictions from kriging tend to be biased towards the mean of the process. The function unbiasedKrige is a function that adds one or more predictions to the original output, which are assumed to be unbiased relative to a certain threshold. The two methods supported are the IWQSEL-method (Craigmile, 2006) and MOK (Skoien et al, 2008).

References

Craigmile, P. F., N. Cressie, T. J. Santner, and Y. Rao. 2006. A loss function approach to identifying environmental exceedances. Extremes, 8, 143-159. Skoien, J. O., G. B. M. Heuvelink, and E. J. Pebesma. 2008. Unbiased block predictions and exceedance probabilities for environmental thresholds. In: J. Ortiz C. and X. Emery (eds). Proceedings of the eight international geostatistics congress. Gecamin, Santiago, Chile, pp. 831-840. http://www.intamap.org/

Examples

library(intamap)
data(meuse)
data(meuse.grid)
coordinates(meuse) = ~x+y
gridded(meuse.grid) = ~x+y

predictionLocations = meuse.grid[sample(1:length(meuse.grid),50),]
vmod = autofitVariogram(log(zinc)~1,meuse)$var_model
prediction = krige(log(zinc)~1,meuse,predictionLocations,vmod)
summary(prediction)

prediction <- unbiasedKrige(prediction,log(zinc)~1,
  meuse,  model = vmod, outputWhat = list(MOK = 6.0, MOK = 7.0, IWQSEL=7.0), 
  iwqmaxit = 100, iwqCpAddLim = 0.01)
summary(prediction)