The output multipliers are defined as the column sums of the
Leontief inverse \((I - A)^{-1}\), where \(A\) is the input
coefficient matrix. They measure the total direct and indirect
output generated in each industry per unit increase in final demand.
See Eurostat (2008), Manual of Supply, Use and Input–Output Tables,
p. 500; UN (2018), Handbook on Supply and Use Tables and Input–Output
Tables with Extensions and Applications, §15.35.