Computes log of the standard-normal CDF difference. Naive
log(pnorm(hi) - pnorm(lo)) returns -Inf whenever both
arguments are above ~7 or below ~-7 (catastrophic cancellation).
Uses pnorm(., log.p = TRUE) and a stable log-subtraction.
log_phi_diff(hi, lo)numeric, log(Phi(hi) - Phi(lo))
numeric, upper bound
numeric, lower bound (must be <= hi elementwise)