languageR (version 1.0)

phylogeny: Phylogenetic relations between Papuan and Oceanic languages

Description

Phylogenetic relations between Papuan and Oceanic languages: 127 grammatical traits (absent/present) for 31 languages.

Usage

data(phylogeny)

source

Dunn, M., Terrill, A., Reesink, G., Foley, R. A. and Levinson, S. C. (2005) Structural phylogenetics and the reconstruction of ancient language history, Science, 309, 2072-2075.

Examples

data(phylogeny)
library(ape)

# joint analysis of both language families

phylogeny.dist = dist(phylogeny[ ,3:ncol(phylogeny)], method = "binary")
phylogeny.dist.tr = nj(phylogeny.dist)
families =
  as.character(phylogeny$Family[as.numeric(phylogeny.dist.tr$tip.label)])
languages =
  as.character(phylogeny$Language[as.numeric(phylogeny.dist.tr$tip.label)])
phylogeny.dist.tr$tip.label = languages
plot(phylogeny.dist.tr, type="u", font = as.numeric(as.factor(families)))

# analysis of subset of Papuan languages

papuan = phylogeny[phylogeny$Family == "Papuan",]
papuan$Language = as.factor(as.character(papuan$Language))
papuan.meta = papuan[ ,1:2]
papuan.mat = papuan[, 3:ncol(papuan)]
papuan.meta$Geography = c(
  "Bougainville", "Bismarck Archipelago", "Bougainville", 
  "Bismarck Archipelago", "Bismarck Archipelago", "Central Solomons",
  "Bougainville", "Louisiade Archipelago", "Bougainville", 
  "Bismarck Archipelago", "Bismarck Archipelago", 
  "Bismarck Archipelago", "Central Solomons", "Central Solomons", 
  "Central Solomons")
papuan.dist = dist(papuan.mat, method = "binary")
papuan.dist.tr = nj(papuan.dist)
fonts = 
  as.character(papuan.meta$Geography[as.numeric(
    papuan.dist.tr$tip.label)])
papuan.dist.tr$tip.label = 
  as.character(papuan.meta$Language[as.numeric(
    papuan.dist.tr$tip.label)])
plot(papuan.dist.tr, type = "u", font = as.numeric(as.factor(fonts)))