Read, write and join or combine images. All image functions are vectorized, meaning
they operate either on a single frame or a series of frames (e.g. a collage, video,
or animation). Besides paths and URLs, image_read() supports commonly used bitmap
and raster object types.
image_read(
path,
density = NULL,
depth = NULL,
strip = FALSE,
coalesce = TRUE,
defines = NULL
)image_read_svg(path, width = NULL, height = NULL)
image_read_pdf(path, pages = NULL, density = 300, password = "")
image_read_video(path, fps = 1, format = "png")
image_write(
image,
path = NULL,
format = NULL,
quality = NULL,
depth = NULL,
density = NULL,
comment = NULL,
flatten = FALSE,
defines = NULL,
compression = NULL
)
image_convert(
image,
format = NULL,
type = NULL,
colorspace = NULL,
depth = NULL,
antialias = NULL,
matte = NULL,
interlace = NULL,
profile = NULL
)
image_data(image, channels = NULL, frame = 1)
image_raster(image, frame = 1, tidy = TRUE)
image_display(image, animate = TRUE)
image_browse(image, browser = getOption("browser"))
image_strip(image)
image_blank(width, height, color = "none", pseudo_image = "", defines = NULL)
image_destroy(image)
image_join(...)
image_attributes(image)
image_get_artifact(image, artifact = "")
demo_image(path)
a file, url, or raster object or bitmap array
resolution to render pdf or svg
color depth (either 8 or 16)
drop image comments and metadata
automatically image_coalesce() gif images
a named character vector with extra options to control reading.
These are the -define key{=value} settings in the command line tool.
Use an empty string for value-less defines, and NA to unset a define.
in pixels
in pixels
integer vector with page numbers. Defaults to all pages.
user password to open protected pdf files
how many images to capture per second of video. Set to
NULL to get all frames from the input video.
output format such as "png", "jpeg", "gif", "rgb" or "rgba".
magick image object returned by image_read() or image_graph()
number between 0 and 100 for jpeg quality. Defaults to 75.
text string added to the image metadata for supported formats
should image be flattened before writing? This also replaces transparency with background color.
a string with compression type from compress_types
string with imagetype
value from image_types for example grayscale to convert into black/white
string with a colorspace
from colorspace_types for example "gray", "rgb" or "cmyk"
enable anti-aliasing for text and strokes
set to TRUE or FALSE to enable or disable transparency
string with interlace
path to file with ICC color profile
string with image channel(s) for example "rgb", "rgba",
"cmyk","gray", or "ycbcr". Default is either "gray", "rgb" or "rgba"
depending on the image
integer setting which frame to extract from the image
converts raster data to long form for use with geom_raster.
If FALSE output is the same as as.raster().
support animations in the X11 display
argument passed to browseURL
a valid color string such as
"navyblue" or "#000080". Use "none" for transparency.
string with pseudo image
specification for example "radial-gradient:purple-yellow"
several images or lists of images to be combined
string with name of the artifact to extract, see the image_deskew for an example.
All standard base vector methods such as [, [[, c(), as.list(),
as.raster(), rev(), length(), and print() can be used to work with magick
image objects. Use the standard img[i] syntax to extract a subset of the frames
from an image. The img[[i]] method is an alias for image_data() which extracts
a single frame as a raw bitmap matrix with pixel values.
For reading svg or pdf it is recommended to use image_read_svg() and image_read_pdf()
if the rsvg and pdftools R packages are available.
These functions provide more rendering options (including rendering of literal svg) and
better quality than built-in svg/pdf rendering delegates from imagemagick itself.
X11 is required for image_display() which is only works on some platforms. A more
portable method is image_browse() which opens the image in a browser. RStudio has
an embedded viewer that does this automatically which is quite nice.
Image objects are automatically released by the garbage collector when they are no longer
reachable. Because the GC only runs once in a while, you can also call image_destroy()
explicitly to release the memory immediately. This is usually only needed if you create
a lot of images in a short period of time, and you might run out of memory.
Other image:
_index_,
analysis,
animation,
attributes(),
color,
composite,
defines,
device,
edges,
effects(),
fx,
geometry,
morphology,
ocr,
options(),
painting,
segmentation,
transform(),
video
# Download image from the web
frink <- image_read("https://jeroen.github.io/images/frink.png")
worldcup_frink <- image_fill(frink, "orange", "+100+200", 20)
image_write(worldcup_frink, "output.png")
# extract raw bitmap array
bitmap <- frink[[1]]
# replace pixels with #FF69B4 ('hot pink') and convert back to image
bitmap[,50:100, 50:100] <- as.raw(c(0xff, 0x69, 0xb4, 0xff))
image_read(bitmap)
# Plot to graphics device via legacy raster format
raster <- as.raster(frink)
par(ask=FALSE)
plot(raster)
# Read bitmap arrays from other image packages
download.file("https://jeroen.github.io/images/example.webp", "example.webp", mode = 'wb')
if(require(webp)) image_read(webp::read_webp("example.webp"))
unlink(c("example.webp", "output.png"))
if(require(rsvg)){
tiger <- image_read_svg("http://jeroen.github.io/images/tiger.svg")
svgtxt <- '
'
circles <- image_read_svg(svgtxt)
}
if(require(pdftools))
image_read_pdf(file.path(R.home('doc'), 'NEWS.pdf'), pages = 1, density = 100)
# create a solid canvas
image_blank(600, 400, "green")
image_blank(600, 400, pseudo_image = "radial-gradient:purple-yellow")
image_blank(200, 200, pseudo_image = "gradient:#3498db-#db3a34",
defines = c('gradient:direction' = 'east'))
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