# Map2poly

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##### Create polygon lists and bounding boxes from imported shapefiles

Map2poly() is a function to make imported GIS vector polygons into a "polylist" object from a "Map" object. Map2bbs() retrieves polygon bounding boxes; analogous functions for the "shapefiles" package are shape2poly() and shape2bbs() (thanks to St�phane Dray for his contribution); convert.pl() serves to convert the deprecated "multipart" "polylist" format to an NA-separated format now used by plot() for polylist objects and poly2nb().*2lines() and *2points() do the same as *2poly() for shapefiles of types 3=lines and 1=points; polygons are type=5.

Keywords
spatial
##### Usage
Map2poly1(Map, region.id = NULL, raw=TRUE)
Map2poly(Map, region.id = NULL, quiet=TRUE)
Map2lines(Map)
Map2points(Map)Map2bbs(Map)
MapShapeIds(Map)
shape2poly(shape, region.id = NULL)
shape2lines(shape)
shape2points(shape)shape2bbs(shape)
convert.pl(pl)
##### Arguments
Map
object of class "Map", imported from a GIS polygon vector file
shape
list returned by read.shapefile(), imported from a GIS polygon vector file using the package "shapefiles"
region.id
character vector of region ids to be added to the neighbours list as attribute region.id
raw
default TRUE until next release, if TRUE, do not run sanity check for ring directions implying holes in no surrounding polygon
quiet
if TRUE, suppress reports of ring direction changes
pl
list of old-style multipart polygons of class polylist
##### Details

From release 0.4-12, Map2poly replaces the plotting order heuristic with plotting only in strict decreasing order of top-level (multi)polygon area. In multipolygons, the components are plotted in decreasing area order. The multpolygons themselves are assigned their area sum for plotting order. Ring directions are all set to clockwise - very many shapefiles have been observed with quite unrealistic ring orders, so respecting input ring orders seems worse than imposing uniformity. The previous plot order assignment mechanism is retained using Map2poly1. From release 0.4-1, Map2poly tries to determine a plotting order for multiple parts of a single polygon object, and for lists of polygon objects to avoid overplotting. It also tries to respect the ESRI-stipulated rule that lakes are anti-clockwise and islands are clockwise: http://shapelib.maptools.org/dl/shapefile.pdf: "The order of vertices or orientation for a ring indicates which side of the ring is the interior of the polygon. The neighborhood to the right of an observer walking along the ring in vertex order is the neighborhood inside the polygon. Vertices of rings defining holes in polygons are in a counterclockwise direction. Vertices for a single, ringed polygon are, therefore, always in clockwise order" (p.8). If raw=FALSE, an additional attempt is made to enforce the final stipulation, where the polygon's bounding box does not fall wholly inside the bounding box of another polygon. This may generate warnings indicating when this has taken place, indicating an unexpected ring direction in the imported shapefile.

##### Value

• Map2poly, shape2poly, convert.pl return polylist objects, lists of polygon boundary coordinates (divided by NA where the polygon object is represented by more than one polygon) with many attributes; Map2lines, shape2lines return lineslist objects; Map2points, shape2points return (n x 2) matrices; and Map2bbs, shape2bbs return bounding box matrixes, c(x1, y1, x2, y2) with coordinates for the lower left corner and upper right corner.

read.shape, read.shapefile

• Map2poly
• Map2poly1
• Map2lines
• Map2points
• Map2bbs
• MapShapeIds
• shape2poly
• shape2lines
• shape2points
• shape2bbs
• convert.pl
##### Examples
try2 <- read.shape(system.file("shapes/columbus.shp", package="maptools")[1])
mappolys <- Map2poly(try2, as.character(try2$att.data$NEIGNO), quiet=FALSE)
plot(mappolys)
title(main="Polygons for Columbus OH from maptools package")
mappolys <- Map2poly1(try2, as.character(try2$att.data$NEIGNO), raw=FALSE)
plot(mappolys)
title(main="Polygons for Columbus OH from maptools package")
baltpts <- Map2points(try3)
xylims <- attr(baltpts, "maplim")
plot(xylims$x, xylims$y, asp=1, type='n', xlab="", ylab="")
points(baltpts)
title(main="Baltimore points from maptools package")
plot(xylims$x, xylims$y, asp=1, type='n', xlab="", ylab="")
title(main="Norwegian river centrelines from maptools package")