Formula:
$$f(x) = -\sum_{i=1}^{4} c_i \exp\left(-\sum_{j=1}^{3} a_{ij}(x_j - p_{ij})^2\right)$$
where \(a_{ij}\), \(c_i\), and \(p_{ij}\) are predefined constants.
Global minimum: \(f(0.114614, 0.555649, 0.852547) \approx -3.86278\)
Characteristics:
The Hartmann functions are a family of multimodal test functions commonly
used in optimization benchmarks.