# gam

0th

Percentile

##### Generalized Additive Models using penalized regression splines and GCV

Fits the specified generalized additive model to data. The GAM is represented using one dimensional penalized regression splines with smoothing parameters selected by GCV.

Keywords
gam, GCV, AIC, UBRE, penalized regression spline
##### Usage
gam(formula,data,weights,family,scale)
##### Arguments
formula
A GAM formula. This is exactly like the formula for a glm exept that smooth terms can be added to the right hand side of the formula, and the l.h.s. must contain only the names of a variable, and not some transformation function applied to a named variabl
data
A data frame containing the model covariates required by the formula. If this is missing the searth list is used to try and find the variables needed.
weights
prior weights on the data.
family
This is a family object specifying the distribution and link to use on fitting etc. See glm and family for more details.
scale
If this is zero then GCV is used for all distributions except Poisson and binomial where UBRE is used with scale parameter assumed to be 1. If this is greater than 1 it is assumed to be the scale parameter/variance and UBRE is used, otherwise GCV is used.
##### Details

Each smooth model terms is represented using a cubic penalized regression spline. Knots of the spline are placed evenly throughout the covariate values to which the term refers: For example, if fitting 101 data with a 10 knot spline of x then there would be a knot at every 10th (ordered) x value. The use of penalized regression splines turns the gam fitting problem into a penalized glm fitting problem, which can be fitted using a slight modification of glm.fit : gam.fit. The penalized glm approach also allows smoothing parameters for all smooth terms to be selected simultaneously by GCV or UBRE. This is achieved as part of fitting by calling mgcv within gam.fit. Details are given in Wood (2000).

##### Value

• The function returns an object of class "gam".
• coefficientsthe coefficients of the fitted model. parametric coefficients are first followed by coefficients for each spline term in turn.
• residualsthe deviance residuals for the fitted model.
• fitted.valuesfitted model predictions of expected value for each datum.
• familyfamily object specifying distribution and link used.
• linear.predictorfitted model prediction of link function of expected value for each datum.
• deviance(unpenalized)
• null.deviance:
• df.null
• iternumber of iterations of IRLS taken to get convergence.
• weightsfinal weights used in IRLS iteration.
• prior.weights
• yresponse data.
• converged:
• sig2estimated or supplied variance/scale parameter.
• edfestimated degrees of freedom for each smooth.
• boundary
• spsmoothing parameter for each smooth.
• dfnumber of knots for each smooth (one more than maximum degrees of freedom).
• nsdfnumber of parametric, non-smooth, model terms excluding the intercept.
• Vpestimated covariance matrix for parameters.
• xpknot locations for each smooth. xp[i,] are the locations for the ith smooth.
• formulathe model formula.
• xparametric design matrix columns (excluding intercept) followed by the data that form arguments of the smooth.

##### WARNING

The code does not check for rank defficiency of the model matrix - it will likely just fail instead!

##### References

Gu and Wahba (1991) Minimizing GCV/GML scores with multiple smoothing parameters via the Newton method. SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput. 12:383-398

Wood (2000) Modelling and Smoothing Parameter Estimation with Multiple Quadratic Penalties. JRSSB 62(2)

http://www.ruwpa.st-and.ac.uk/simon.html

##### See Also

predict.gam plot.gam

• gam
##### Examples
library(mgcv)
n<-200
sig2<-4
x0 <- runif(n, 0, 1)
x1 <- runif(n, 0, 1)
x2 <- runif(n, 0, 1)
x3 <- runif(n, 0, 1)
pi <- asin(1) * 2
y <- 2 * sin(pi * x0)
y <- y + exp(2 * x1) - 3.75887
y <- y + 0.2 * x2^11 * (10 * (1 - x2))^6 + 10 * (10 * x2)^3 * (1 - x2)^10 - 1.396
e <- rnorm(n, 0, sqrt(abs(sig2)))
y <- y + e
b<-gam(y~s(x0)+s(x1)+s(x2)+s(x3))
plot(b)
Documentation reproduced from package mgcv, version 0.1-1, License: GPL version 2 or later

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