# s

0th

Percentile

##### Defining smooths in GAM formulae

Function used in definition of smooth terms within gam model formulae. The function does not evaluate a (spline) smooth - it exist purely to help set up a model using spline based smooths.

Keywords
models, regression, smooth
##### Usage
s(..., k=-1,fx=FALSE,bs="tp",m=0)
##### Arguments
...
a list of variables that are the covariates that this smooth is a function of.
k
the dimension of the basis used to represent the smooth term. The default depends on the number of variables that the smooth is a function of. k should not be less than the dimension of the null space of the penalty for the term (
fx
indicates whether the term is a fixed d.f. regression spline (TRUE) or a penalized regression spline (FALSE).
bs
this can be "cr" for a cubic regression spline or "tp" for a thin plate regression spline. Only thin plate regression splines can be used for multidimensional smooths, so this argument only has an effect for univariat
m
The order of the penalty for this t.p.r.s. term (e.g. 2 for normal cubic spline penalty with 2nd derivatives). O signals autoinitialization, which sets the order to the lowest value satisfying 2m>d+1, where d is the number of covariates: this
##### Details

The function does not evaluate the variable arguments. It will correctly interpret calls like s(x,14|f) (results in pure regression spline smooth of one variable with a 14 knot cubic regression spline basis), s(x,z,20) (a penalized regression spline of 2 covariates using a 20 dimensional t.p.r.s. basis), etc. but this feature is purely for back compatibility reasons, and may not be maintained indefinitely.

##### Value

• A list with the following items:
• termAn array of text strings giving the names of the covariates that the term is a function of.
• bs.dimThe dimension of the basis used to represent the smooth.
• bs.typeThe type of basis. 0 is cubic regression spline. 1 is thin plate regression spline. 0 can only be used for 1-d smooths.
• fixedTRUE if the term is to be treated as a pure regression spline (with fixed degrees of freedom); FALSE if it is to be treated as a penalized regression spline
• dimThe dimension of the smoother - i.e. the number of covariates that it is a function of.
• p.orderThe order of the t.p.r.s. penalty, or 0 for auto-selection of the penalty order.
• full.callText for pasting into a string to be converted to a gam formula, which has the values of function options given explicitly - this is useful for constructing a fully expanded gam formula which can be used without needing access to any variables that may have been used to define k, fx, bs or m in the original call. i.e. this is text which when parsed and evaluated generates a call to s() with all the options spelled out explicitly.

gam