moveHMM (version 1.0)

pseudoRes: Pseudo-residuals

Description

The pseudo-residuals of a moveHMM model, as described in Zucchini and McDonad (2009).

Usage

pseudoRes(m)

Arguments

m

A moveHMM object.

Value

• A list of:
• stepRes
  The pseudo-residuals for the step lengths
• angleRes
  The pseudo-residuals for the turning angles

Details

If some turning angles in the data are equal to pi, the corresponding pseudo-residuals will not be included. Indeed, given that the turning angles are defined on (-pi,pi], an angle of pi results in a pseudo-residual on +Inf (check Section 6.2 of reference for more information on the computation of pseudo-residuals).

References

Zucchini, W. and MacDonald, I.L. 2009. Hidden Markov Models for Time Series: An Introduction Using R. Chapman & Hall (London).

Examples

# m is a moveHMM object (as returned by fitHMM), automatically loaded with the package
m <- example$m
res <- pseudoRes(m)
qqnorm(res$stepRes)
qqnorm(res$angleRes)