residuals.lmeStruct: Calculate lmeStruct Residuals

Description

The residuals at level $i$ are obtained by subtracting the fitted values at that level from the response vector. The fitted values at level $i$ are obtained by adding together the population fitted values (based only on the fixed effects estimates) and the estimated contributions of the random effects to the fitted values at grouping levels less or equal to $i$.

Usage

## S3 method for class 'lmeStruct':
residuals(object, level, conLin, lmeFit, \dots)

Arguments

object

an object inheriting from class lmeStruct, representing a list of linear mixed-effects model components, such as reStruct, corStruct, and varFunc objects.

level

an optional integer vector giving the level(s) of grouping to be used in extracting the residuals from object. Level values increase from outermost to innermost grouping, with level zero corresponding to the population fitted values.

conLin

an optional condensed linear model object, consisting of a list with components "Xy", corresponding to a regression matrix (X) combined with a response vector (y), and "logLik", corresponding t

lmeFit

an optional list with components beta and b containing respectively the fixed effects estimates and the random effects estimates to be used to calculate the residuals. Defaults to attr(object, "lmeFit").

...

some methods for this generic accept optional arguments.

Value

if a single level of grouping is specified in level, the returned value is a vector with the residuals at the desired level; else, when multiple grouping levels are specified in level, the returned object is a matrix with columns given by the residuals at different levels.

References

Bates, D.M. and Pinheiro, J.C. (1998) "Computational methods for multilevel models" available in PostScript or PDF formats at http://franz.stat.wisc.edu/pub/NLME/

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