# multinom

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##### Fit Multinomial Log-linear Models

Fits multinomial log-linear models via neural networks.

Keywords
models, neural
##### Usage
multinom(formula, data, weights, subset, na.action,
contrasts = NULL, Hess = FALSE, summ = 0, censored = FALSE,
model = FALSE, ...)
##### Arguments
formula
a formula expression as for regression models, of the form response ~ predictors. The response should be a factor or a matrix with K columns, which will be interpreted as counts for each of K classes. A log-linear model is fitted, with coeffi
data
an optional data frame in which to interpret the variables occurring in formula.
weights
optional case weights in fitting.
subset
expression saying which subset of the rows of the data should be used in the fit. All observations are included by default.
na.action
a function to filter missing data.
contrasts
a list of contrasts to be used for some or all of the factors appearing as variables in the model formula.
Hess
logical for whether the Hessian (the observed/expected information matrix) should be returned.
summ
integer; if non-zero summarize by deleting duplicate rows and adjust weights. Methods 1 and 2 differ in speed (2 uses C); method 3 also combines rows with the same X and different Y, which changes the baseline for the deviance.
censored
If Y is a matrix with K > 2 columns, interpret the entries as one for possible classes, zero for impossible classes, rather than as counts.
model
logical. If true, the model frame is saved as component model of the returned object.
...
additional arguments for nnet
##### Details

multinom calls nnet. The variables on the rhs of the formula should be roughly scaled to [0,1] or the fit will be slow or may not converge at all.

##### Value

• A nnet object with additional components:
• deviancethe residual deviance, compared to the full saturated model (that explains individual observations exactly). Also, minus twice log-likelihood.
• edfthe (effective) number of degrees of freedom used by the model
• AICthe AIC for this fit.
• Hessian(if Hess is true).
• model(if model is true).

##### concept

multiple logistic

##### References

Venables, W. N. and Ripley, B. D. (2002) Modern Applied Statistics with S. Fourth edition. Springer.

nnet

##### Aliases
• multinom
• anova.multinom
• coef.multinom
• drop1.multinom
• extractAIC.multinom
• predict.multinom
• print.multinom
• summary.multinom
• print.summary.multinom
• vcov.multinom
• model.frame.multinom
• logLik.multinom
##### Examples
options(contrasts = c("contr.treatment", "contr.poly"))
library(MASS)
example(birthwt)
(bwt.mu <- multinom(low ~ ., bwt))
Call:
multinom(formula = low ~ ., data = bwt)

Coefficients:
(Intercept)         age         lwt raceblack raceother
0.823477 -0.03724311 -0.01565475  1.192371 0.7406606
smoke      ptd        ht        ui       ftv1     ftv2+
0.7555234 1.343648 1.913213 0.6802007 -0.4363238 0.1789888

Residual Deviance: 195.4755
AIC: 217.4755
Documentation reproduced from package nnet, version 7.3-0, License: GPL-2 | GPL-3

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