locf() implements 'last observation carried forward': NA's are imputed with the most recent non-NA value. nocb() is the complement: 'next observation carried backward': NA's are imputed with the next non-NA value. forbak() first executes locf(), then nocb(), so that even leading NAs are imputed. If even one non-NA value is present, forbak() should not return any NA's. bakfor() does the reverse.
Usage
locf(x)
forbak(x)
bakfor(x)
nocb(x)
Arguments
x
a vector possibly with some missing values and some non-missing values