The information given below is adapted from the fortran code at http://sam.ucsd.edu/sio210/propseawater/ppsw_fortran/ppsw.f,
which is where this R code came from.
Depth in meters from pressure in decibars using
Saunders and Fofonoff's method, with the
formula refitted for 1980 equation of state
Checkvalue: depth = 9712.653 m for p=10000 decibars, latitude=30 deg
above for standard ocean: t=0 deg. celsuis ; s=35 (ipss-78)