Returns the number of arcs of Proportional Edge Proximity Catch Digraphs (PE-PCDs) whose
vertices are a 1D numerical data set, Xp
, outside the interval int
\(=(a,b)\).
PE proximity region is constructed only with expansion parameter \(r \ge 1\) for points outside the interval \((a,b)\).
End vertex regions are based on the end points of the interval,
i.e., the corresponding vertex region is an interval as \((-\infty,a)\) or \((b,\infty)\) for the interval \((a,b)\).
For the number of arcs, loops are not allowed, so arcs are only possible for points outside
the interval, int
, for this function.
See also (ceyhan:metrika-2012;textualpcds).