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phytools (version 2.1-1)

Phylogenetic Tools for Comparative Biology (and Other Things)

Description

A wide range of methods for phylogenetic analysis - concentrated in phylogenetic comparative biology, but also including numerous techniques for visualizing, analyzing, manipulating, reading or writing, and even inferring phylogenetic trees. Included among the functions in phylogenetic comparative biology are various for ancestral state reconstruction, model-fitting, and simulation of phylogenies and trait data. A broad range of plotting methods for phylogenies and comparative data include (but are not restricted to) methods for mapping trait evolution on trees, for projecting trees into phenotype space or a onto a geographic map, and for visualizing correlated speciation between trees. Lastly, numerous functions are designed for reading, writing, analyzing, inferring, simulating, and manipulating phylogenetic trees and comparative data. For instance, there are functions for computing consensus phylogenies from a set, for simulating phylogenetic trees and data under a range of models, for randomly or non-randomly attaching species or clades to a tree, as well as for a wide range of other manipulations and analyses that phylogenetic biologists might find useful in their research.

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Install

install.packages('phytools')

Monthly Downloads

10,483

Version

2.1-1

License

GPL (>= 2)

Issues

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Maintainer

Last Published

January 9th, 2024

Functions in phytools (2.1-1)

add.everywhere

Add tip to all edges in a tree
add.arrow

Add an arrow pointing to a tip or node on the tree
Dtest

Conducts correlational D-test from stochastic mapping
add.species.to.genus

Add species to genus on a phylogeny or bind simulated species subtrees to a backbone genus tree
anc.Bayes

Bayesian ancestral character estimation
add.color.bar

Add color bar to a plot
aic.w

Computes Akaike weights
allFurcTrees

Generate all bi- and multifurcating unrooted trees
add.random

Add tips at random to the tree
add.simmap.legend

Add legend to stochastically mapped tree
ancr

Compute marginal or joint ancestral state estimates
anoletree

Phylogenetic datasets
as.multiPhylo

Conversion to object of class "multiPhylo"
ansi_phylo

Compute the parsimony score
as.Qmatrix

Convert a fitted Mk model to a Q-matrix
applyBranchLengths

Applies the branch lengths of a reference tree to a target
anc.trend

Ancestral character estimation with a trend
ave.rates

Average the posterior rates
ancThresh

Ancestral character estimation under the threshold model using Bayesian MCMC
anc.ML

Ancestral character estimation using likelihood
brownie.lite

Likelihood test for rate variation in a continuous trait
bind.tip

Attaches a new tip to a tree
averageTree

Compute an average tree from a set of trees and related operations
bmPlot

Simulates and visualizes discrete-time Brownian evolution on a phylogeny
bind.tree.simmap

Binds two trees of class "simmap"
bd

Convert object of class "birthdeath" to raw birth & death rates
cladelabels

Add labels to subtrees of a plotted phylogeny
brownieREML

REML version of brownie.lite
collapse.to.star

Collapse a subtree to a star phylogeny
branching.diffusion

Animation of branching random diffusion
cophylo

Creates a co-phylogenetic plot
collapseTree

Interactive tree visualizer
cospeciation

Conducts a statistical test of cospeciation between two trees
ctt

Generates (or simulates) a 'changes through time' plot from a set of stochastic map character histories
density.multiSimmap

Computes a posterior distribution for the number and types of changes on the tree
countSimmap

Counts the number of character changes on a object of class "simmap" or "multiSimmap"
consensus.edges

Compute consensus edges for a tree under some criterion
contMap

Map continuous trait evolution on the tree
densityMap

Plot posterior density of stochastic mapping on a tree
compare.chronograms

Compares two chronograms with precisely matching nodes in a visual manner
drop.tip.contMap

Drop tip or tips from an object of class "contMap" or "densityMap"
drop.tip.simmap

Drop tips or extract clade from tree with mapped discrete character
di2multi.simmap

Collapse or resolve polytomies in a tree with a character painted on the edges
edge.widthMap

Map continuous trait evolution on the tree
drop.clade

Drop a clade from a tree
dotTree

Creates a phylogenetic dot plot
drop.leaves

Drop all the leaves (tips) from a tree
densityTree

Plots a posterior sample of trees
describe.simmap

Summarizes a stochastic mapped tree or set of trees
evol.rate.mcmc

Bayesian MCMC method for identifying exceptional phenotypic diversification in a phylogeny
expand.clade

Expands (or contracts) the tip-spacing of a given clade or clades
exhaustiveMP

Exhaustive and branch & bound MP optimization
export.as.xml

Export trees & data in XML format
drop.tip.multiSimmap

Drop or keep tip or tips from an object of class "multiSimmap"
evol.vcv

Likelihood test for variation in the evolutionary variance-covariance matrix
evolvcv.lite

Likelihood test for a shift in the evolutionary correlation between traits
edgeProbs

Compute the relative frequencies of state changes along edges
estDiversity

Estimate diversity at each node of the tree
fitMk

Fits extended Mk model for discrete character evolution
fitPagel

Function to test for correlated evolution of binary traits
force.ultrametric

Coerces a phylogenetic tree to be ultrametric
getCladesofSize

Get all subtrees larger than or equal to a specified size
gammatest

Gamma test of Pybus & Harvey (2000)
getDescendants

Get descendant node numbers
ladderize.simmap

Ladderize a tree with a mapped discrete character
fancyTree

Plots special types of phylogenetic trees
findMRCA

Get the MRCA of a set of taxa
genSeq

Simulate a DNA alignment on the tree under a model
fastAnc

(Reasonably) fast estimation of ML ancestral states
fitBayes

Evolutionary model fitting with intraspecific variability using Bayesian MCMC
gamma_pruning

Internally used function
fit.bd

Fits birth-death (speciation/extinction) model to reconstructed phylogeny
getExtant

Returns a list of the extant or extinct lineages in a tree containing non-contemporaneous tips
make.simmap

Simulate stochastic character maps on a phylogenetic tree or trees
optim.phylo.ls

Phylogeny inference using the least squares method
fitDiversityModel

Fit diversity-dependent phenotypic evolution model
getSisters

Get the sister node number, label, or set of nodes for a node or tip
lambda.transform

\(\lambda\) transformation of matrix
getStates

Get the states at nodes or tips from a mapped tree
orderMappedEdge

Order the columns of mapped.edge to match across trees
fastBM

(Reasonably) fast quantitative trait simulation on phylogenies
ltt95

Creates a (1-\(\alpha\))% CI for a set of LTTs
nodelabels.cophylo

Add labels to a plotted "cophylo" object
map.to.singleton

Converts a tree without singletons to a tree with singleton nodes
labelnodes

Function to interactively label nodes of a plotted tree
locate.fossil

Locate a fossil lineage in a tree using continuous characters
make.era.map

Create "era" map on a phylogenetic tree
map.overlap

Proportional overlap between two mapped character histories on a tree
fastMRCA

Get the MRCA (or height above the root of the MRCA) of a pair of tip taxa
phylomorphospace3d

Creates three-dimensional phylomorphospace plot
markChanges

Add marked changes to a plotted tree with mapped discrete character
locate.yeti

Locate a cryptic, recently extinct, or missing taxon on a tree
matchNodes

Matches nodes between two trees
likMlambda

Likelihood for joint \(\lambda\)
linklabels

Function to add tip labels to a plotted tree with linking lines
phylomorphospace

Creates phylomorphospace plot
phylosig

Compute phylogenetic signal with two methods
plotTree.wBars

Plot a tree with bars at the tips
mapped.states

Returns a vector, matrix, or list of the mapped states on a tree or set of trees
multi.mantel

Multiple matrix regression (partial Mantel test)
phyl.RMA

Phylogenetic reduced major axis (RMA) regression
phyl.pca

Phylogenetic principal components analysis
posterior.evolrate

Analysis of the posterior sample from evol.rate.mcmc
posthoc

Generic post-hoc test
phyl.resid

Phylogenetic size-correction via GLS regression
modified.Grafen

Computes modified Grafen edge lengths
read.newick

Newick or Nexus style tree reader
mergeMappedStates

Merge two or more mapped states into one state
read.simmap

Read SIMMAP style trees from file
print.backbonePhylo

Print method for backbone phylogeny
ratebytree

Likelihood test for rate variation among trees, clades, or traits
nodeHeights

Compute the heights above the root of each node
pbtree

Simulate pure-birth or birth-death stochastic tree or trees
mrp.supertree

Matrix representation parsimony supertree estimation
pgls.Ives

Phylogenetic regression with intraspecific sampling error
setMap

Set color map for various phylogenetic objects of classes
get.treepos

Get position or node of a plotted tree interactively
geo.legend

Adds a geological (or other temporal) legend to a plotted tree
phenogram

Plot traitgram (phenogram)
treeSlice

Slices the tree at a particular point and returns all subtrees, or the tree rootward of the point
phylo.to.map

Plot tree with tips linked to geographic coordinates
phylo.impute

Phylogenetic imputation for multivariate continuous character data
plotBranchbyTrait

Plot branch colors by a quantitative trait or value
midpoint_root

Midpoint root a phylogeny
starTree

Create star phylogeny
multiRF

Computes Robinson-Foulds distance between a set of trees
multiC

Returns a list with phylogenetic VCV matrix for each mapped state
phyloDesign

Compute design matrix for least squares analyses
phylo.heatmap

Creates a phylogenetic heat map
ls.tree

Least squares branch lengths for a given tree
plotThresh

Tree plotting with posterior probabilities of ancestral states from the threshold model
ltt

Creates lineage-through-time plot (including extinct lineages)
paintSubTree

Paint sub-trees with a discrete character
phyl.vcv

Compute evolutionary VCV matrix for a tree & dataset
paste.tree

Paste two trees together
roundPhylogram

Plot a round, sigmoidal, or spline phylogram or cladogram
minSplit

Finding the minimum (median) split in the posterior sample
simBMphylo

Creates a graphical illustration of Brownian motion evolution on a phylogeny
rotateNodes

Rotates a node or set of nodes in a phylogenetic tree
strahlerNumber

Computes Strahler number for trees and nodes
skewers

Matrix comparison using the method of random skewers
plotSimmap

Plot stochastic character mapped tree
minRotate

Rotates all nodes of the tree to minimize the difference in order with a vector
reroot

Re-root a tree along an edge
pscore

Compute the parsimony score
phylANOVA

Phylogenetic ANOVA and post-hoc tests
phytools-package

phytools: Phylogenetic Tools for comparative biology (and other things)
phyl.pairedttest

Phylogenetic paired t-test
multirateBM

Function to fit a multi-rate Brownian evolution model
roundBranches

Rounds the branch lengths of a tree
sampleFrom

Sample from a set of distributions
splitEdgeColor

Split edge colors when descendant edges have different mapped states
plot.backbonePhylo

Plots backbone tree with triangles as clades
reorder.backbonePhylo

Reorders a backbone phylogeny
plotTree

Plots rooted phylogenetic tree
untangle

Attempts to untangle crossing branches for plotting
phyl.cca

Phylogenetic canonical correlation analysis
reorderSimmap

Reorder edges of a "simmap" tree
rescale.simmap

Rescale object of class "simmap"
sim.corrs

Multivariate Brownian simulation with multiple correlations and rates
rep.phylo

Replicate a tree or set of trees
rerootingMethod

Get marginal ancestral state reconstructions by re-rooting
phylo.toBackbone

Converts tree to backbone or vice versa
plotTree.datamatrix

Plot a tree with a discrete character data matrix at the tips
rateshift

Find the temporal position of one or more rate shifts
vcvPhylo

Calculates cophenetic (i.e., phylogenetic VCV) matrix
plotTree.errorbars

Plot a tree with error bars around divergence dates
ratebystate

Method for investigating the rate of one trait as a function of the state of another
rescale

Rescale phylogenetic objects of different types
sim.ratebystate

Conduct simulation of state dependent rate variation
threshBayes

Threshold model using Bayesian MCMC
rstate

Pick a random state according to a vector of probabilities
splitTree

Split tree at a point
splitplotTree

Plots a phylogeny in two columns
resolveNode

Compute all possible resolutions of a node or all nodes in a multifurcating tree
writeAncestors

Write a tree to file with ancestral states and (optionally) CIs at nodes
sim.rates

Brownian or OU simulation with multiple evolutionary regimes
to.matrix

Convert a character vector to a binary matrix
writeNexus

Write a tree to file in Nexus format
tree.grow

Creates an animation of a tree growing from left-to-right or upwards
threshDIC

Deviance Information Criterion from the threshold model
write.simmap

Write a stochastic character mapped tree to file
sim.history

Simulate character history or a discrete character at the tips of the tree under some model
threshState

Computes value for a threshold character from a liability and thresholds