Learn R Programming
⚠️There's a newer version (2.5.3) of this package.Take me there.

psych (version 1.2.8)

Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research

Description

A number of routines for personality, psychometrics and experimental psychology. Functions are primarily for scale construction using factor analysis, cluster analysis and reliability analysis, although others provide basic descriptive statistics. Item Response Theory is done using factor analysis of tetrachoric and polychoric correlations. Functions for simulating particular item and test structures are included. Several functions serve as a useful front end for structural equation modeling. Graphical displays of path diagrams, factor analysis and structural equation models are created using basic graphics. Some of the functions are written to support a book on psychometrics as well as publications in personality research. For more information, see the personality-project.org/r webpage.

Copy Link

Version

Install

install.packages('psych')

Monthly Downloads

242,751

Version

1.2.8

License

GPL (>= 2)

Maintainer

William Revelle

Last Published

September 7th, 2012

Functions in psych (1.2.8)

Bechtoldt

Seven data sets showing a bifactor solution.
Harman

Two data sets from Harman (1967). 9 cognitive variables from Holzinger and 8 emotional variables from Burt
Harman.8

Correlations of eight physical variables (from Harman, 1966)
bfi

25 Personality items representing 5 factors
ICC

Intraclass Correlations (ICC1, ICC2, ICC3 from Shrout and Fleiss)
Gorsuch

Example data set from Gorsuch (1997) for an example factor extension.
bi.bars

Draw pairs of bargraphs based on two groups
cosinor

Functions for analysis of circadian or diurnal data
draw.tetra

Draw a correlation ellipse and two normal curves to demonstrate tetrachoric correlation
msq

75 mood items from the Motivational State Questionnaire for 3896 participants
cor.wt

The sample size weighted correlation may be used in correlating aggregated data
circ.tests

Apply four tests of circumplex versus simple structure
alpha

Find two estimates of reliability: Cronbach's alpha and Guttman's Lambda 6.
VSS.parallel

Compare real and random VSS solutions
VSS

Apply the Very Simple Structure and MAP criteria to determine the appropriate number of factors.
ellipses

Plot data and 1 and 2 sigma correlation ellipses
cities

Distances between 11 US cities
cluster.plot

Plot factor/cluster loadings and assign items to clusters by their highest loading.
block.random

Create a block randomized structure for n independent variables
read.clipboard

shortcut for reading from the clipboard
affect

Two data sets of affect and arousal scores as a function of personality and movie conditions
Schmid

12 variables created by Schmid and Leiman to show the Schmid-Leiman Transformation
count.pairwise

Count number of pairwise cases for a data set with missing (NA) data.
cortest.mat

Chi square tests of whether a single matrix is an identity matrix, or a pair of matrices are equal.
cluster.fit

cluster Fit: fit of the cluster model to a correlation matrix
harmonic.mean

Find the harmonic mean of a vector, matrix, or columns of a data.frame
eigen.loadings

Convert eigen vectors and eigen values to the more normal (for psychologists) component loadings
fa.parallel

Scree plots of data or correlation matrix compared to random ``parallel" matrices
factor.fit

How well does the factor model fit a correlation matrix. Part of the VSS package
Promax

Perform bifactor, promax or targeted rotations and return the inter factor angles.
errorCircles

Two way plots of means, error bars, and sample sizes
mixed.cor

Find correlations for mixtures of continuous, polytomous, and dichotomous variables
ICLUST.cluster

Function to form hierarchical cluster analysis of items
cluster.loadings

Find item by cluster correlations, corrected for overlap and reliability
peas

Galton`s Peas
Tucker

9 Cognitive variables discussed by Tucker and Lewis (1973)
VSS.plot

Plot VSS fits
ICLUST.rgraph

Draw an ICLUST graph using the Rgraphviz package
cluster.cor

Find correlations of composite variables from a larger matrix
cta

Simulate the C(ues) T(endency) A(ction) model of motivation
cor.smooth

Smooth a non-positive definite correlation matrix to make it positive definite
heights

A data.frame of the Galton (1888) height and cubit data set.
biplot.psych

Draw biplots of factor or component scores by factor or component loadings
cor.plot

Create an image plot for a correlation or factor matrix
irt.fa

Item Response Analysis by Exploratory Factor Analysis of tetrachoric/polychoric correlations
error.bars.by

Plot means and confidence intervals for multiple groups
neo

NEO correlation matrix from the NEO_PI_R manual
cubits

Galton's example of the relationship between height and 'cubit' or forearm length
factor.stats

Find various goodness of fit statistics for factor analysis and principal components
scatter.hist

Draw a scatter plot with associated X and Y histograms, densitie and correlation
dummy.code

Create dummy coded variables
galton

Galton's Mid parent child height data
fa.extension

Apply Dwyer's factor extension to find factor loadings for extended variables
Yule

From a two by two table, find the Yule coefficients of association, convert to phi, or polychoric, recreate table the table to create the Yule coefficient.
irt.responses

Plot probability of multiple choice responses as a function of a latent trait
VSS.scree

Plot the successive eigen values for a scree test
bock

Bock and Liberman (1970) data set of 1000 observations of the LSAT
SD

Find the Standard deviation for a vector, matrix, or data.frame - do not return error if there are no cases
cushny

A data set from Cushny and Peebles (1905) on the effect of three drugs on hours of sleep, used by Student (1908)
paired.r

Test the difference between (un)paired correlations
geometric.mean

Find the geometric mean of a vector or columns of a data.frame.
describeBy

Basic summary statistics by group
fa.sort

Sort factor analysis or principal components analysis loadings
error.bars

Plot means and confidence intervals
print.psych

Print and summary functions for the psych class
score.irt

Find Item Response Theory (IRT) based scores for dichotomous or polytomous items
factor.scores

Various ways to estimate factor scores for the factor analysis model
mat.sort

Sort the elements of a correlation matrix to reflect factor loadings
psych.misc

Miscellaneous helper functions for the psych package
diagram

Helper functions for drawing path model diagrams
cortest.bartlett

Bartlett's test that a correlation matrix is an identity matrix
burt

11 emotional variables from Burt (1915)
cohen.kappa

Find Cohen's kappa and weighted kappa coefficients for correlation of two raters
iqitems

16 multiple choice IQ items
factor.model

Find R = F F' + U2 is the basic factor model
omega.graph

Graph hierarchical factor structures
iclust

iclust: Item Cluster Analysis -- Hierarchical cluster analysis using psychometric principles
set.cor

Set Correlation and Multiple Regression from matrix or raw input
comorbidity

Convert base rates of two diagnoses and their comorbidity into phi, Yule, and tetrachorics
residuals.psych

Extract residuals from various psych objects
lowerUpper

Combine two square matrices to have a lower off diagonal for one, upper off diagonal for the other
df2latex

Convert a data frame or matrix to a LaTeX table
guttman

Alternative estimates of test reliabiity
scaling.fits

Test the adequacy of simple choice, logistic, or Thurstonian scaling.
00.psych

A package for personality, psychometric, and psychological research
cluster2keys

Convert a cluster vector (from e.g., kmeans) to a keys matrix suitable for scoring item clusters.
cor2dist

Convert correlations to distances (necessary to do multidimensional scaling of correlation data)
factor.congruence

Coefficient of factor congruence
score.items

Score item composite scales and find Cronbach's alpha, Guttman lambda 6 and item whole correlations
omega

Calculate McDonald's omega estimates of general and total factor saturation
factor.rotate

``Hand" rotate a factor loading matrix
sim.item

Generate simulated data structures for circumplex or simple structure
smc

Find the Squared Multiple Correlation (SMC) of each variable with the remaining variables in a matrix
ICLUST.sort

Sort items by absolute size of cluster loadings
iclust.diagram

Draw an ICLUST hierarchical cluster structure diagram
matrix.addition

A function to add two vectors or matrices
partial.r

Find the partial correlations for a set (x) of variables with set (y) removed.
phi.demo

A simple demonstration of the Pearson, phi, and polychoric corelation
pairs.panels

SPLOM, histograms and correlations for a data matrix
error.crosses

Plot x and y error bars
factor2cluster

Extract cluster definitions from factor loadings
sim.hierarchical

Create a population or sample correlation matrix, perhaps with hierarchical structure.
plot.psych

Plotting functions for the psych package of class ``psych"
sim.VSS

create VSS like data
correct.cor

Find dis-attenuated correlations given correlations and reliabilities
predict.psych

Prediction function for factor analysis or principal components
glb.algebraic

Find the greatest lower bound to reliability.
income

US family income from US census 2008
simulation.circ

Simulations of circumplex and simple structure
corr.test

Find the correlations, sample sizes, and probability values between elements of a matrix or data.frame.
sim.congeneric

Simulate a congeneric data set
statsBy

Find statistics (including correlations) within and between groups for basic multilevel analyses
sim.structure

Create correlation matrices or data matrices with a particular measurement and structural model
Dwyer

8 cognitive variables used by Dwyer for an example.
reverse.code

Reverse the coding of selected items prior to scale analysis
irt.1p

Item Response Theory estimate of theta (ability) using a Rasch (like) model
sim.multilevel

Simulate multilevel data with specified within group and between group correlations
epi.bfi

13 personality scales from the Eysenck Personality Inventory and Big 5 inventory
fa

Exploratory Factor analysis using MinRes (minimum residual) as well as EFA by Principal Axis, Weighted Least Squares or Maximum Likelihood
r.test

Tests of significance for correlations
make.keys

Create a keys matrix for use by score.items or cluster.cor
score.multiple.choice

Score multiple choice items and provide basic test statistics
score.alpha

Score scales and find Cronbach's alpha as well as associated statistics
kaiser

Apply the Kaiser normalization when rotating factors
sim

Functions to simulate psychological/psychometric data.
parcels

Find miniscales (parcels) of size 2 or 3 from a set of items
phi2poly

Convert a phi coefficient to a polychoric correlation
fisherz

Fisher r to z and z to r and confidence intervals
describe

Basic descriptive statistics useful for psychometrics
sim.anova

Simulate a 3 way balanced ANOVA or linear model, with or without repeated measures.
polar

Convert Cartesian factor loadings into polar coordinates
principal

Principal components analysis (PCA)
thurstone

Thurstone Case V scaling
test.psych

Testing of functions in the psych package
structure.diagram

Draw a structural equation model specified by two measurement models and a structural model
interp.median

Find the interpolated sample median, quartiles, or specific quantiles for a vector, matrix, or data frame
spider

Make "radar" or "spider" plots.
tetrachoric

Tetrachoric, polychoric, biserial and polyserial correlations from various types of input
vegetables

Paired comparison of preferences for 9 vegetables
table2matrix

Convert a table with counts to a matrix or data.frame representing those counts.
logistic

Logistic transform from x to p and logit transform from p to x
superMatrix

Form a super matrix from two sub matrices.
scrub

A utility for basic data cleaning and recoding. Changes values outside of minimum and maximum limits to NA.
sat.act

3 Measures of ability: SATV, SATQ, ACT
tr

Find the trace of a square matrix
winsor

Find the Winsorized scores, means, sds or variances for a vector, matrix, or data.frame
multi.hist

Multiple histograms with density and normal fits on one page
structure.list

Create factor model matrices from an input list
withinBetween

An example of the distinction between within group and between group correlations
Harman.5

5 socio-economic variables from Harman (1967)
factor.residuals

R* = R- F F'
fa.diagram

Graph factor loading matrices
p.rep

Find the probability of replication for an F, t, or r and estimate effect size
rangeCorrection

Correct correlations for restriction of range. (Thorndike Case 2)
rescale

Function to convert scores to ``conventional " metrics
ICLUST.graph

create control code for ICLUST graphical output
blot

Bond's Logical Operations Test -- BLOT
headTail

Combine calls to head and tail
irt.item.diff.rasch

Simple function to estimate item difficulties using IRT concepts
polychor.matrix

Phi or Yule coefficient matrix to polychoric coefficient matrix
phi

Find the phi coefficient of correlation between two dichotomous variables
mardia

Calculate univariate or multivariate (Mardia's test) skew and kurtosis for a vector, matrix, or data.frame