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psych (version 1.4.1)

Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research

Description

A number of routines for personality, psychometrics and experimental psychology. Functions are primarily for scale construction using factor analysis, cluster analysis and reliability analysis, although others provide basic descriptive statistics. Item Response Theory is done using factor analysis of tetrachoric and polychoric correlations. Functions for simulating particular item and test structures are included. Several functions serve as a useful front end for structural equation modeling. Graphical displays of path diagrams, factor analysis and structural equation models are created using basic graphics. Some of the functions are written to support a book on psychometrics as well as publications in personality research. For more information, see the personality-project.org/r webpage.

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Install

install.packages('psych')

Monthly Downloads

215,400

Version

1.4.1

License

GPL (>= 2)

Maintainer

William Revelle

Last Published

January 20th, 2014

Functions in psych (1.4.1)

residuals.psych

Extract residuals from various psych objects
heights

A data.frame of the Galton (1888) height and cubit data set.
eigen.loadings

Convert eigen vectors and eigen values to the more normal (for psychologists) component loadings
msq

75 mood items from the Motivational State Questionnaire for 3896 participants
fa

Exploratory Factor analysis using MinRes (minimum residual) as well as EFA by Principal Axis, Weighted Least Squares or Maximum Likelihood
partial.r

Find the partial correlations for a set (x) of variables with set (y) removed.
harmonic.mean

Find the harmonic mean of a vector, matrix, or columns of a data.frame
geometric.mean

Find the geometric mean of a vector or columns of a data.frame.
Harman.5

5 socio-economic variables from Harman (1967)
Gleser

Example data from Gleser, Cronbach and Rajaratnam (1965) to show basic principles of generalizability theory.
ICLUST.graph

create control code for ICLUST graphical output
Gorsuch

Example data set from Gorsuch (1997) for an example factor extension.
ability

16 ability items scored as correct or incorrect.
cushny

A data set from Cushny and Peebles (1905) on the effect of three drugs on hours of sleep, used by Student (1908)
bock

Bock and Liberman (1970) data set of 1000 observations of the LSAT
ICC

Intraclass Correlations (ICC1, ICC2, ICC3 from Shrout and Fleiss)
ICLUST.rgraph

Draw an ICLUST graph using the Rgraphviz package
cluster.cor

Find correlations of composite variables from a larger matrix
p.rep

Find the probability of replication for an F, t, or r and estimate effect size
irt.item.diff.rasch

Simple function to estimate item difficulties using IRT concepts
ICLUST.cluster

Function to form hierarchical cluster analysis of items
bi.bars

Draw pairs of bargraphs based on two groups
Tucker

9 Cognitive variables discussed by Tucker and Lewis (1973)
multi.hist

Multiple histograms with density and normal fits on one page
Promax

Perform bifactor, promax or targeted rotations and return the inter factor angles.
cor.ci

Bootstrapped confidence intervals for raw and composite correlations
Harman

Two data sets from Harman (1967). 9 cognitive variables from Holzinger and 8 emotional variables from Burt
cortest.mat

Chi square tests of whether a single matrix is an identity matrix, or a pair of matrices are equal.
affect

Two data sets of affect and arousal scores as a function of personality and movie conditions
VSS.plot

Plot VSS fits
ellipses

Plot data and 1 and 2 sigma correlation ellipses
cities

Distances between 11 US cities
block.random

Create a block randomized structure for n independent variables
KMO

Find the Kaiser, Meyer, Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy
Yule

From a two by two table, find the Yule coefficients of association, convert to phi, or tetrachoric, recreate table the table to create the Yule coefficient.
df2latex

Convert a data frame, correlation matrix, or factor analysis output to a LaTeX table
VSS.scree

Plot the successive eigen values for a scree test
plot.psych

Plotting functions for the psych package of class ``psych"
cluster2keys

Convert a cluster vector (from e.g., kmeans) to a keys matrix suitable for scoring item clusters.
Bechtoldt

Seven data sets showing a bifactor solution.
comorbidity

Convert base rates of two diagnoses and their comorbidity into phi, Yule, and tetrachorics
blot

Bond's Logical Operations Test -- BLOT
fa.sort

Sort factor analysis or principal components analysis loadings
bfi

25 Personality items representing 5 factors
score.alpha

Score scales and find Cronbach's alpha as well as associated statistics
factor.fit

How well does the factor model fit a correlation matrix. Part of the VSS package
headTail

Combine calls to head and tail
biplot.psych

Draw biplots of factor or component scores by factor or component loadings
score.irt

Find Item Response Theory (IRT) based scores for dichotomous or polytomous items
fa.extension

Apply Dwyer's factor extension to find factor loadings for extended variables
VSS.parallel

Compare real and random VSS solutions
principal

Principal components analysis (PCA)
mssd

Find von Neuman's Mean Square of Successive Differences
sim.structure

Create correlation matrices or data matrices with a particular measurement and structural model
describe

Basic descriptive statistics useful for psychometrics
cohen.kappa

Find Cohen's kappa and weighted kappa coefficients for correlation of two raters
correct.cor

Find dis-attenuated correlations given correlations and reliabilities
factor2cluster

Extract cluster definitions from factor loadings
VSS

Apply the Very Simple Structure and MAP criteria to determine the appropriate number of factors.
parcels

Find miniscales (parcels) of size 2 or 3 from a set of items
cta

Simulate the C(ues) T(endency) A(ction) model of motivation
cluster.fit

cluster Fit: fit of the cluster model to a correlation matrix
cor2dist

Convert correlations to distances (necessary to do multidimensional scaling of correlation data)
Harman.political

Eight political variables used by Harman (1967) as example 8.17
cluster.plot

Plot factor/cluster loadings and assign items to clusters by their highest loading.
pairs.panels

SPLOM, histograms and correlations for a data matrix
matrix.addition

A function to add two vectors or matrices
cortest.bartlett

Bartlett's test that a correlation matrix is an identity matrix
irt.1p

Item Response Theory estimate of theta (ability) using a Rasch (like) model
factor.congruence

Coefficient of factor congruence
error.bars

Plot means and confidence intervals
ICLUST.sort

Sort items by absolute size of cluster loadings
cluster.loadings

Find item by cluster correlations, corrected for overlap and reliability
cor.wt

The sample size weighted correlation may be used in correlating aggregated data
read.clipboard

shortcut for reading from the clipboard
epi.bfi

13 personality scales from the Eysenck Personality Inventory and Big 5 inventory
cosinor

Functions for analysis of circadian or diurnal data
splitHalf

Alternative estimates of test reliabiity
iclust

iclust: Item Cluster Analysis -- Hierarchical cluster analysis using psychometric principles
print.psych

Print and summary functions for the psych class
Harman.8

Correlations of eight physical variables (from Harman, 1966)
factor.stats

Find various goodness of fit statistics for factor analysis and principal components
factor.scores

Various ways to estimate factor scores for the factor analysis model
set.cor

Set Correlation and Multiple Regression from matrix or raw input
Schmid

12 variables created by Schmid and Leiman to show the Schmid-Leiman Transformation
cor.plot

Create an image plot for a correlation or factor matrix
draw.tetra

Draw a correlation ellipse and two normal curves to demonstrate tetrachoric correlation
describeBy

Basic summary statistics by group
irt.responses

Plot probability of multiple choice responses as a function of a latent trait
interp.median

Find the interpolated sample median, quartiles, or specific quantiles for a vector, matrix, or data frame
scrub

A utility for basic data cleaning and recoding. Changes values outside of minimum and maximum limits to NA.
factor.rotate

``Hand" rotate a factor loading matrix
irt.fa

Item Response Analysis by Exploratory Factor Analysis of tetrachoric/polychoric correlations
alpha

Find two estimates of reliability: Cronbach's alpha and Guttman's Lambda 6.
corr.test

Find the correlations, sample sizes, and probability values between elements of a matrix or data.frame.
corFiml

Find a Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) correlation or covariance matrix from a data matrix with missing data
Dwyer

8 cognitive variables used by Dwyer for an example.
error.crosses

Plot x and y error bars
mixed.cor

Find correlations for mixtures of continuous, polytomous, and dichotomous variables
errorCircles

Two way plots of means, error bars, and sample sizes
00.psych

A package for personality, psychometric, and psychological research
mat.sort

Sort the elements of a correlation matrix to reflect factor loadings
omega.graph

Graph hierarchical factor structures
vegetables

Paired comparison of preferences for 9 vegetables
iclust.diagram

Draw an ICLUST hierarchical cluster structure diagram
kaiser

Apply the Kaiser normalization when rotating factors
peas

Galton`s Peas
mardia

Calculate univariate or multivariate (Mardia's test) skew and kurtosis for a vector, matrix, or data.frame
error.bars.by

Plot means and confidence intervals for multiple groups
sim.anova

Simulate a 3 way balanced ANOVA or linear model, with or without repeated measures.
circ.tests

Apply four tests of circumplex versus simple structure
fisherz

Fisher r to z and z to r and confidence intervals
simulation.circ

Simulations of circumplex and simple structure
glb.algebraic

Find the greatest lower bound to reliability.
winsor

Find the Winsorized scores, means, sds or variances for a vector, matrix, or data.frame
lowerUpper

Combine two square matrices to have a lower off diagonal for one, upper off diagonal for the other
polychor.matrix

Phi or Yule coefficient matrix to polychoric coefficient matrix
logistic

Logistic transform from x to p and logit transform from p to x
fa.parallel

Scree plots of data or correlation matrix compared to random ``parallel" matrices
phi2tetra

Convert a phi coefficient to a tetrachoric correlation
reverse.code

Reverse the coding of selected items prior to scale analysis
scatter.hist

Draw a scatter plot with associated X and Y histograms, densitie and correlation
superMatrix

Form a super matrix from two sub matrices.
structure.list

Create factor model matrices from an input list
scoreItems

Score item composite scales and find Cronbach's alpha, Guttman lambda 6 and item whole correlations
factor.model

Find R = F F' + U2 is the basic factor model
tr

Find the trace of a square matrix
make.keys

Create a keys matrix for use by score.items or cluster.cor
structure.diagram

Draw a structural equation model specified by two measurement models and a structural model
galton

Galton's Mid parent child height data
statsBy

Find statistics (including correlations) within and between groups for basic multilevel analyses
dummy.code

Create dummy coded variables
psych.misc

Miscellaneous helper functions for the psych package
factor.residuals

R* = R- F F'
rescale

Function to convert scores to ``conventional " metrics
spider

Make "radar" or "spider" plots.
withinBetween

An example of the distinction between within group and between group correlations
sat.act

3 Measures of ability: SATV, SATQ, ACT
table2matrix

Convert a table with counts to a matrix or data.frame representing those counts.
smc

Find the Squared Multiple Correlation (SMC) of each variable with the remaining variables in a matrix
test.psych

Testing of functions in the psych package
sim

Functions to simulate psychological/psychometric data.
tetrachoric

Tetrachoric, polychoric, biserial and polyserial correlations from various types of input
fa.diagram

Graph factor loading matrices
r.test

Tests of significance for correlations
polar

Convert Cartesian factor loadings into polar coordinates
income

US family income from US census 2008
sim.VSS

create VSS like data
score.multiple.choice

Score multiple choice items and provide basic test statistics
rangeCorrection

Correct correlations for restriction of range. (Thorndike Case 2)
neo

NEO correlation matrix from the NEO_PI_R manual
paired.r

Test the difference between (un)paired correlations
sim.item

Generate simulated data structures for circumplex, spherical, or simple structure
phi

Find the phi coefficient of correlation between two dichotomous variables
sim.congeneric

Simulate a congeneric data set
thurstone

Thurstone Case V scaling
sim.hierarchical

Create a population or sample correlation matrix, perhaps with hierarchical structure.
SD

Find the Standard deviation for a vector, matrix, or data.frame - do not return error if there are no cases
burt

11 emotional variables from Burt (1915)
cor.smooth

Smooth a non-positive definite correlation matrix to make it positive definite
count.pairwise

Count number of pairwise cases for a data set with missing (NA) data.
iqitems

16 multiple choice IQ items
omega

Calculate McDonald's omega estimates of general and total factor saturation
scaling.fits

Test the adequacy of simple choice, logistic, or Thurstonian scaling.
sim.multilevel

Simulate multilevel data with specified within group and between group correlations
diagram

Helper functions for drawing path model diagrams
cubits

Galton's example of the relationship between height and 'cubit' or forearm length
phi.demo

A simple demonstration of the Pearson, phi, and polychoric corelation
predict.psych

Prediction function for factor analysis or principal components