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psych (version 1.7.5)

Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research

Description

A general purpose toolbox for personality, psychometric theory and experimental psychology. Functions are primarily for multivariate analysis and scale construction using factor analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and reliability analysis, although others provide basic descriptive statistics. Item Response Theory is done using factor analysis of tetrachoric and polychoric correlations. Functions for analyzing data at multiple levels include within and between group statistics, including correlations and factor analysis. Functions for simulating and testing particular item and test structures are included. Several functions serve as a useful front end for structural equation modeling. Graphical displays of path diagrams, factor analysis and structural equation models are created using basic graphics. Some of the functions are written to support a book on psychometric theory as well as publications in personality research. For more information, see the web page.

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Version

Install

install.packages('psych')

Monthly Downloads

242,751

Version

1.7.5

License

GPL (>= 2)

Maintainer

William Revelle

Last Published

May 3rd, 2017

Functions in psych (1.7.5)

iclust

iclust: Item Cluster Analysis -- Hierarchical cluster analysis using psychometric principles
ICLUST.cluster

Function to form hierarchical cluster analysis of items
00.psych

A package for personality, psychometric, and psychological research
Gleser

Example data from Gleser, Cronbach and Rajaratnam (1965) to show basic principles of generalizability theory.
Harman.political

Eight political variables used by Harman (1967) as example 8.17
ICC

Intraclass Correlations (ICC1, ICC2, ICC3 from Shrout and Fleiss)
Gorsuch

Example data set from Gorsuch (1997) for an example factor extension.
Harman.5

5 socio-economic variables from Harman (1967)
Harman.8

Correlations of eight physical variables (from Harman, 1966)
Harman

Two data sets from Harman (1967). 9 cognitive variables from Holzinger and 8 emotional variables from Burt
ICLUST.graph

create control code for ICLUST graphical output
ICLUST.rgraph

Draw an ICLUST graph using the Rgraphviz package
VSS.parallel

Compare real and random VSS solutions
VSS.plot

Plot VSS fits
Promax

Perform bifactor, promax or targeted rotations and return the inter factor angles.
SD

Find the Standard deviation for a vector, matrix, or data.frame - do not return error if there are no cases
alpha

Find two estimates of reliability: Cronbach's alpha and Guttman's Lambda 6.
Tucker

9 Cognitive variables discussed by Tucker and Lewis (1973)
VSS

Apply the Very Simple Structure, MAP, and other criteria to determine the appropriate number of factors.
ability

16 ability items scored as correct or incorrect.
affect

Two data sets of affect and arousal scores as a function of personality and movie conditions
Schmid

12 variables created by Schmid and Leiman to show the Schmid-Leiman Transformation
Schutz

The Schutz correlation matrix example from Shapiro and ten Berge
VSS.scree

Plot the successive eigen values for a scree test
Yule

From a two by two table, find the Yule coefficients of association, convert to phi, or tetrachoric, recreate table the table to create the Yule coefficient.
ICLUST.sort

Sort items by absolute size of cluster loadings
KMO

Find the Kaiser, Meyer, Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy
block.random

Create a block randomized structure for n independent variables
blot

Bond's Logical Operations Test -- BLOT
cor.plot

Create an image plot for a correlation or factor matrix
cor.smooth

Smooth a non-positive definite correlation matrix to make it positive definite
cortest.mat

Chi square tests of whether a single matrix is an identity matrix, or a pair of matrices are equal.
cosinor

Functions for analysis of circadian or diurnal data
bfi

25 Personality items representing 5 factors
bi.bars

Draw pairs of bargraphs based on two groups
Bechtoldt

Seven data sets showing a bifactor solution.
bestScales

A set of functions for factorial and empirical scale construction
cattell

12 cognitive variables from Cattell (1963)
circ.tests

Apply four tests of circumplex versus simple structure
comorbidity

Convert base rates of two diagnoses and their comorbidity into phi, Yule, and tetrachorics
biplot.psych

Draw biplots of factor or component scores by factor or component loadings
df2latex

Convert a data frame, correlation matrix, or factor analysis output to a LaTeX table
dfOrder

Sort (order) a dataframe or matrix by multiple columns
cor.wt

The sample size weighted correlation may be used in correlating aggregated data
cor2dist

Convert correlations to distances (necessary to do multidimensional scaling of correlation data)
correct.cor

Find dis-attenuated correlations given correlations and reliabilities
cortest.bartlett

Bartlett's test that a correlation matrix is an identity matrix
dummy.code

Create dummy coded variables
Dwyer

8 cognitive variables used by Dwyer for an example.
cities

Distances between 11 US cities
scoreOverlap

Find correlations of composite variables (corrected for overlap) from a larger matrix.
cluster.plot

Plot factor/cluster loadings and assign items to clusters by their highest loading.
eigen.loadings

Convert eigen vectors and eigen values to the more normal (for psychologists) component loadings
ellipses

Plot data and 1 and 2 sigma correlation ellipses
factor.rotate

``Hand" rotate a factor loading matrix
factor.scores

Various ways to estimate factor scores for the factor analysis model
diagram

Helper functions for drawing path model diagrams
draw.tetra

Draw a correlation ellipse and two normal curves to demonstrate tetrachoric correlation
factor.model

Find R = F F' + U2 is the basic factor model
factor.residuals

R* = R- F F'
bock

Bock and Liberman (1970) data set of 1000 observations of the LSAT
burt

11 emotional variables from Burt (1915)
cluster.fit

cluster Fit: fit of the cluster model to a correlation matrix
cluster.loadings

Find item by cluster correlations, corrected for overlap and reliability
corFiml

Find a Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) correlation or covariance matrix from a data matrix with missing data
corr.test

Find the correlations, sample sizes, and probability values between elements of a matrix or data.frame.
fa.poly

Deprecated Exploratory Factor analysis functions. Please use fa
cluster2keys

Convert a cluster vector (from e.g., kmeans) to a keys matrix suitable for scoring item clusters.
cubits

Galton's example of the relationship between height and 'cubit' or forearm length
cushny

A data set from Cushny and Peebles (1905) on the effect of three drugs on hours of sleep, used by Student (1908)
describe

Basic descriptive statistics useful for psychometrics
describeBy

Basic summary statistics by group
epi

Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) data for 3570 participants
epi.bfi

13 personality scales from the Eysenck Personality Inventory and Big 5 inventory
fa

Exploratory Factor analysis using MinRes (minimum residual) as well as EFA by Principal Axis, Weighted Least Squares or Maximum Likelihood
densityBy

Create a 'violin plot' or density plot of the distribution of a set of variables
errorCircles

Two way plots of means, error bars, and sample sizes
error.crosses

Plot x and y error bars
fa.extension

Apply Dwyer's factor extension to find factor loadings for extended variables
fa.parallel

Scree plots of data or correlation matrix compared to random ``parallel" matrices
interp.median

Find the interpolated sample median, quartiles, or specific quantiles for a vector, matrix, or data frame
iqitems

16 multiple choice IQ items
kaiser

Apply the Kaiser normalization when rotating factors
cohen.kappa

Find Cohen's kappa and weighted kappa coefficients for correlation of two raters
error.bars

Plot means and confidence intervals
error.bars.by

Plot means and confidence intervals for multiple groups
fa.sort

Sort factor analysis or principal components analysis loadings
fisherz

Transformations of r including Fisher r to z and z to r and confidence intervals
galton

Galton's Mid parent child height data
iclust.diagram

Draw an ICLUST hierarchical cluster structure diagram
income

US family income from US census 2008
cor.ci

Bootstrapped confidence intervals for raw and composite correlations
count.pairwise

Count number of pairwise cases for a data set with missing (NA) data.
cta

Simulate the C(ues) T(endency) A(ction) model of motivation
error.dots

Show a dot.chart with error bars for different groups or variables
fa.multi

Multi level (hierarchical) factor analysis
geometric.mean

Find the geometric mean of a vector or columns of a data.frame.
glb.algebraic

Find the greatest lower bound to reliability.
psych.misc

Miscellaneous helper functions for the psych package
make.keys

Create a keys matrix for use by score.items or cluster.cor
mat.sort

Sort the elements of a correlation matrix to reflect factor loadings
multi.hist

Multiple histograms with density and normal fits on one page
multilevel.reliability

Find and plot various reliability/gneralizability coefficients for multilevel data
scoreIrt

Find Item Response Theory (IRT) based scores for dichotomous or polytomous items
scoreItems

Score item composite scales and find Cronbach's alpha, Guttman lambda 6 and item whole correlations
sim.item

Generate simulated data structures for circumplex, spherical, or simple structure
mixedCor

Find correlations for mixtures of continuous, polytomous, and dichotomous variables
phi2tetra

Convert a phi coefficient to a tetrachoric correlation
plot.psych

Plotting functions for the psych package of class ``psych"
msq

75 mood items from the Motivational State Questionnaire for 3896 participants
mssd

Find von Neuman's Mean Square of Successive Differences
pairs.panels

SPLOM, histograms and correlations for a data matrix
splitHalf

Alternative estimates of test reliabiity
harmonic.mean

Find the harmonic mean of a vector, matrix, or columns of a data.frame
irt.fa

Item Response Analysis by Exploratory Factor Analysis of tetrachoric/polychoric correlations
irt.item.diff.rasch

Simple function to estimate item difficulties using IRT concepts
esem

Perform and Exploratory Structural Equation Model (ESEM) by using factor extension techniques
factor.congruence

Coefficient of factor congruence
factor.fit

How well does the factor model fit a correlation matrix. Part of the VSS package
factor.stats

Find various goodness of fit statistics for factor analysis and principal components
print.psych

Print and summary functions for the psych class
r.test

Tests of significance for correlations
sim.VSS

create VSS like data
sim.anova

Simulate a 3 way balanced ANOVA or linear model, with or without repeated measures.
structure.diagram

Draw a structural equation model specified by two measurement models and a structural model
structure.list

Create factor model matrices from an input list
matrix.addition

A function to add two vectors or matrices
mediate

Estimate and display direct and indirect effects of mediators and moderator in path models
p.rep

Find the probability of replication for an F, t, or r and estimate effect size
paired.r

Test the difference between (un)paired correlations
sim.multilevel

Simulate multilevel data with specified within group and between group correlations
withinBetween

An example of the distinction between within group and between group correlations
factor2cluster

Extract cluster definitions from factor loadings
headTail

Combine calls to head and tail
heights

A data.frame of the Galton (1888) height and cubit data set.
omega.graph

Graph hierarchical factor structures
parcels

Find miniscales (parcels) of size 2 or 3 from a set of items
rangeCorrection

Correct correlations for restriction of range. (Thorndike Case 2)
read.file

Shortcuts for reading from the clipboard or a file
polar

Convert Cartesian factor loadings into polar coordinates
polychor.matrix

Phi or Yule coefficient matrix to polychoric coefficient matrix
predict.psych

Prediction function for factor analysis or principal components
principal

Principal components analysis (PCA)
score.multiple.choice

Score multiple choice items and provide basic test statistics
scrub

A utility for basic data cleaning and recoding. Changes values outside of minimum and maximum limits to NA.
mardia

Calculate univariate or multivariate (Mardia's test) skew and kurtosis for a vector, matrix, or data.frame
smc

Find the Squared Multiple Correlation (SMC) of each variable with the remaining variables in a matrix
test.irt

A simple demonstration (and test) of various IRT scoring algorthims.
test.psych

Testing of functions in the psych package
outlier

Find and graph Mahalanobis squared distances to detect outliers
phi

Find the phi coefficient of correlation between two dichotomous variables
phi.demo

A simple demonstration of the Pearson, phi, and polychoric corelation
reverse.code

Reverse the coding of selected items prior to scale analysis
setCor

Set Correlation and Multiple Regression from matrix or raw input
sim

Functions to simulate psychological/psychometric data.
tetrachoric

Tetrachoric, polychoric, biserial and polyserial correlations from various types of input
thurstone

Thurstone Case V scaling
fa.diagram

Graph factor loading matrices
irt.1p

Item Response Theory estimate of theta (ability) using a Rasch (like) model
irt.responses

Plot probability of multiple choice responses as a function of a latent trait
logistic

Logistic transform from x to p and logit transform from p to x
vegetables

Paired comparison of preferences for 9 vegetables
winsor

Find the Winsorized scores, means, sds or variances for a vector, matrix, or data.frame
sat.act

3 Measures of ability: SATV, SATQ, ACT
scaling.fits

Test the adequacy of simple choice, logistic, or Thurstonian scaling.
scatterHist

Draw a scatter plot with associated X and Y histograms, densities and correlation
simulation.circ

Simulations of circumplex and simple structure
superMatrix

Form a super matrix from two sub matrices.
table2matrix

Convert a table with counts to a matrix or data.frame representing those counts.
lowerUpper

Combine two square matrices to have a lower off diagonal for one, upper off diagonal for the other
neo

NEO correlation matrix from the NEO_PI_R manual
omega

Calculate McDonald's omega estimates of general and total factor saturation
partial.r

Find the partial correlations for a set (x) of variables with set (y) removed.
sim.structure

Create correlation matrices or data matrices with a particular measurement and structural model
peas

Galton`s Peas
rescale

Function to convert scores to ``conventional " metrics
residuals.psych

Extract residuals from various psych objects
schmid

Apply the Schmid Leiman transformation to a correlation matrix
score.alpha

Score scales and find Cronbach's alpha as well as associated statistics
sim.congeneric

Simulate a congeneric data set
sim.hierarchical

Create a population or sample correlation matrix, perhaps with hierarchical structure.
spider

Make "radar" or "spider" plots.
statsBy

Find statistics (including correlations) within and between groups for basic multilevel analyses
tr

Find the trace of a square matrix
unidim

Several indices of the unidimensionality of a set of variables.