psych v2.0.12

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by William Revelle View Source

Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research

A general purpose toolbox for personality, psychometric theory and experimental psychology. Functions are primarily for multivariate analysis and scale construction using factor analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and reliability analysis, although others provide basic descriptive statistics. Item Response Theory is done using factor analysis of tetrachoric and polychoric correlations. Functions for analyzing data at multiple levels include within and between group statistics, including correlations and factor analysis. Functions for simulating and testing particular item and test structures are included. Several functions serve as a useful front end for structural equation modeling. Graphical displays of path diagrams, factor analysis and structural equation models are created using basic graphics. Some of the functions are written to support a book on psychometric theory as well as publications in personality research. For more information, see the <https://personality-project.org/r/> web page.

Functions in psych

Name	Description
Gorsuch	Example data set from Gorsuch (1997) for an example factor extension.
Garcia	Data from the sexism (protest) study of Garcia, Schmitt, Branscome, and Ellemers (2010)
Gleser	Example data from Gleser, Cronbach and Rajaratnam (1965) to show basic principles of generalizability theory.
AUC	Decision Theory measures of specificity, sensitivity, and d prime
ICC	Intraclass Correlations (ICC1, ICC2, ICC3 from Shrout and Fleiss)
Harman	Five data sets from Harman (1967). 9 cognitive variables from Holzinger and 8 emotional variables from Burt
ICLUST.graph	create control code for ICLUST graphical output
00.psych	A package for personality, psychometric, and psychological research
ICLUST.cluster	Function to form hierarchical cluster analysis of items
ICLUST.sort	Sort items by absolute size of cluster loadings
KMO	Find the Kaiser, Meyer, Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy
iclust	iclust: Item Cluster Analysis -- Hierarchical cluster analysis using psychometric principles
ICLUST.rgraph	Draw an ICLUST graph using the Rgraphviz package
Schmid	12 variables created by Schmid and Leiman to show the Schmid-Leiman Transformation
SD	Find the Standard deviation for a vector, matrix, or data.frame - do not return error if there are no cases
Promax	Perform Procustes,bifactor, promax or targeted rotations and return the inter factor angles.
VSS	Apply the Very Simple Structure, MAP, and other criteria to determine the appropriate number of factors.
VSS.parallel	Compare real and random VSS solutions
Pinv	Compute the Moore-Penrose Pseudo Inverse of a matrix
Tucker	9 Cognitive variables discussed by Tucker and Lewis (1973)
Bechtoldt	Seven data sets showing a bifactor solution.
bfi	25 Personality items representing 5 factors
bassAckward	The Bass-Ackward factoring algorithm discussed by Goldberg
anova.psych	Model comparison for regression, mediation, and factor analysis
bi.bars	Draw pairs of bargraphs based on two groups
VSS.plot	Plot VSS fits
Yule	From a two by two table, find the Yule coefficients of association, convert to phi, or tetrachoric, recreate table the table to create the Yule coefficient.
bestScales	A bootstrap aggregation function for choosing most predictive unit weighted items
bock	Bock and Liberman (1970) data set of 1000 observations of the LSAT
cattell	12 cognitive variables from Cattell (1963)
VSS.scree	Plot the successive eigen values for a scree test
biplot.psych	Draw biplots of factor or component scores by factor or component loadings
alpha	Find two estimates of reliability: Cronbach's alpha and Guttman's Lambda 6.
block.random	Create a block randomized structure for n independent variables
circ.tests	Apply four tests of circumplex versus simple structure
cluster.plot	Plot factor/cluster loadings and assign items to clusters by their highest loading.
scoreOverlap	Find correlations of composite variables (corrected for overlap) from a larger matrix.
cluster2keys	Convert a cluster vector (from e.g., kmeans) to a keys matrix suitable for scoring item clusters.
cluster.fit	cluster Fit: fit of the cluster model to a correlation matrix
cor.smooth	Smooth a non-positive definite correlation matrix to make it positive definite
corr.test	Find the correlations, sample sizes, and probability values between elements of a matrix or data.frame.
cluster.loadings	Find item by cluster correlations, corrected for overlap and reliability
cor.wt	The sample size weighted correlation may be used in correlating aggregated data
corCi	Bootstrapped and normal confidence intervals for raw and composite correlations
cor.plot	Create an image plot for a correlation or factor matrix
comorbidity	Convert base rates of two diagnoses and their comorbidity into phi, Yule, and tetrachorics
cohen.d	Find Cohen d and confidence intervals
correct.cor	Find dis-attenuated correlations given correlations and reliabilities
corFiml	Find a Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) correlation or covariance matrix from a data matrix with missing data
cor2dist	Convert correlations to distances (necessary to do multidimensional scaling of correlation data)
cta	Simulate the C(ues) T(endency) A(ction) model of motivation
densityBy	Create a 'violin plot' or density plot of the distribution of a set of variables
cortest.mat	Chi square tests of whether a single matrix is an identity matrix, or a pair of matrices are equal.
cortest.bartlett	Bartlett's test that a correlation matrix is an identity matrix
diagram	Helper functions for drawing path model diagrams
fa.poly	Deprecated Exploratory Factor analysis functions. Please use fa
describeBy	Basic summary statistics by group
describe	Basic descriptive statistics useful for psychometrics
ellipses	Plot data and 1 and 2 sigma correlation ellipses
error.dots	Show a dot.chart with error bars for different groups or variables
error.crosses	Plot x and y error bars
error.bars	Plot means and confidence intervals
Dwyer	8 cognitive variables used by Dwyer for an example.
error.bars.by	Plot means and confidence intervals for multiple groups
eigen.loadings	Convert eigen vectors and eigen values to the more normal (for psychologists) component loadings
errorCircles	Two way plots of means, error bars, and sample sizes
cosinor	Functions for analysis of circadian or diurnal data
pairwiseCount	Count number of pairwise cases for a data set with missing (NA) data and impute values.
draw.tetra	Draw a correlation ellipse and two normal curves to demonstrate tetrachoric correlation
dummy.code	Create dummy coded variables
fa.multi	Multi level (hierarchical) factor analysis
fa.lookup	A set of functions for factorial and empirical scale construction
fa.diagram	Graph factor loading matrices
fa.parallel	Scree plots of data or correlation matrix compared to random ``parallel" matrices
faCor	Correlations between two factor analysis solutions
fa.random	A first approximation to Random Effects Exploratory Factor Analysis
factor.congruence	Coefficient of factor congruence
esem	Perform and Exploratory Structural Equation Model (ESEM) by using factor extension techniques
factor.model	Find R = F F' + U2 is the basic factor model
factor.fit	How well does the factor model fit a correlation matrix. Part of the VSS package
fa	Exploratory Factor analysis using MinRes (minimum residual) as well as EFA by Principal Axis, Weighted Least Squares or Maximum Likelihood
fa.sort	Sort factor analysis or principal components analysis loadings
fa.extension	Apply Dwyer's factor extension to find factor loadings for extended variables
factor.stats	Find various goodness of fit statistics for factor analysis and principal components
factor.residuals	R* = R- F F'
headTail	Combine calls to head and tail
irt.item.diff.rasch	Simple function to estimate item difficulties using IRT concepts
fparse	Parse and exten formula input from a model and return the DV, IV, and associated terms.
glb.algebraic	Find the greatest lower bound to reliability.
fisherz	Transformations of r, d, and t including Fisher r to z and z to r and confidence intervals
factor2cluster	Extract cluster definitions from factor loadings
geometric.mean	Find the geometric mean of a vector or columns of a data.frame.
cohen.kappa	Find Cohen's kappa and weighted kappa coefficients for correlation of two raters
manhattan	"Manhattan" plots of correlations with a set of criteria.
irt.1p	Item Response Theory estimate of theta (ability) using a Rasch (like) model
mat.sort	Sort the elements of a correlation matrix to reflect factor loadings
lowerUpper	Combine two square matrices to have a lower off diagonal for one, upper off diagonal for the other
factor.rotate	``Hand" rotate a factor loading matrix
mediate	Estimate and display direct and indirect effects of mediators and moderator in path models
iclust.diagram	Draw an ICLUST hierarchical cluster structure diagram
logistic	Logistic transform from x to p and logit transform from p to x
make.keys	Create a keys matrix for use by score.items or cluster.cor
harmonic.mean	Find the harmonic mean of a vector, matrix, or columns of a data.frame
matrix.addition	A function to add two vectors or matrices
splitHalf	Alternative estimates of test reliabiity
multilevel.reliability	Find and plot various reliability/gneralizability coefficients for multilevel data
omega	Calculate McDonald's omega estimates of general and total factor saturation
factor.scores	Various ways to estimate factor scores for the factor analysis model
omega.graph	Graph hierarchical factor structures
outlier	Find and graph Mahalanobis squared distances to detect outliers
kaiser	Apply the Kaiser normalization when rotating factors
irt.responses	Plot probability of multiple choice responses as a function of a latent trait
plot.psych	Plotting functions for the psych package of class ``psych"
interp.median	Find the interpolated sample median, quartiles, or specific quantiles for a vector, matrix, or data frame
psych.misc	Miscellaneous helper functions for the psych package
p.rep	Find the probability of replication for an F, t, or r and estimate effect size
paired.r	Test the difference between (un)paired correlations
pairs.panels	SPLOM, histograms and correlations for a data matrix
irt.fa	Item Response Analysis by Exploratory Factor Analysis of tetrachoric/polychoric correlations
phi.demo	A simple demonstration of the Pearson, phi, and polychoric corelation
phi2tetra	Convert a phi coefficient to a tetrachoric correlation
mixedCor	Find correlations for mixtures of continuous, polytomous, and dichotomous variables
predict.psych	Prediction function for factor analysis, principal components (pca), bestScales
polychor.matrix	Phi or Yule coefficient matrix to polychoric coefficient matrix
polar	Convert Cartesian factor loadings into polar coordinates
sat.act	3 Measures of ability: SATV, SATQ, ACT
reverse.code	Reverse the coding of selected items prior to scale analysis
scaling.fits	Test the adequacy of simple choice, logistic, or Thurstonian scaling.
scatterHist	Draw a scatter plot with associated X and Y histograms, densities and correlation
print.psych	Print and summary functions for the psych class
partial.r	Find the partial correlations for a set (x) of variables with set (y) removed.
principal	Principal components analysis (PCA)
parcels	Find miniscales (parcels) of size 2 or 3 from a set of items
rangeCorrection	Correct correlations for restriction of range. (Thorndike Case 2)
r.test	Tests of significance for correlations
phi	Find the phi coefficient of correlation between two dichotomous variables
residuals.psych	Extract residuals from various psych objects
multi.hist	Multiple histograms with density and normal fits on one page
mssd	Find von Neuman's Mean Square of Successive Differences
rescale	Function to convert scores to ``conventional " metrics
score.multiple.choice	Score multiple choice items and provide basic test statistics
scrub	A utility for basic data cleaning and recoding. Changes values outside of minimum and maximum limits to NA.
setCor	Multiple Regression and Set Correlation from matrix or raw input
schmid	Apply the Schmid Leiman transformation to a correlation matrix
score.alpha	Score scales and find Cronbach's alpha as well as associated statistics
scoreWtd	Score items using regression or correlation based weights
sim	Functions to simulate psychological/psychometric data.
scoreIrt	Find Item Response Theory (IRT) based scores for dichotomous or polytomous items
scoreItems	Score item composite scales and find Cronbach's alpha, Guttman lambda 6 and item whole correlations
sim.VSS	create VSS like data
simulation.circ	Simulations of circumplex and simple structure
sim.structure	Create correlation matrices or data matrices with a particular measurement and structural model
sim.multilevel	Simulate multilevel data with specified within group and between group correlations
sim.anova	Simulate a 3 way balanced ANOVA or linear model, with or without repeated measures.
smc	Find the Squared Multiple Correlation (SMC) of each variable with the remaining variables in a matrix
Spengler	Project Talent data set from Marion Spengler and Rodica Damian
mardia	Calculate univariate or multivariate (Mardia's test) skew and kurtosis for a vector, matrix, or data.frame
sim.congeneric	Simulate a congeneric data set
sim.hierarchical	Create a population or sample correlation matrix, perhaps with hierarchical structure.
sim.item	Generate simulated data structures for circumplex, spherical, or simple structure
test.psych	Testing of functions in the psych package
Tal_Or	Data set testing causal direction in presumed media influence
test.irt	A simple demonstration (and test) of various IRT scoring algorthims.
testRetest	Find various test-retest statistics, including test, person and item reliability
statsBy	Find statistics (including correlations) within and between groups for basic multilevel analyses
structure.list	Create factor model matrices from an input list
structure.diagram	Draw a structural equation model specified by two measurement models and a structural model
spider	Make "radar" or "spider" plots.
superMatrix	Form a super matrix from two sub matrices.
table2matrix	Convert a table with counts to a matrix or data.frame representing those counts.
unidim	Several indices of the unidimensionality of a set of variables.
withinBetween	An example of the distinction between within group and between group correlations
tr	Find the trace of a square matrix
winsor	Find the Winsorized scores, means, sds or variances for a vector, matrix, or data.frame
tetrachoric	Tetrachoric, polychoric, biserial and polyserial correlations from various types of input
thurstone	Thurstone Case V scaling
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Vignettes of psych

Name
intro.Rnw
overview.Rnw
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Details

Date	2020-12-14
License	GPL (>= 2)
LazyData	yes
ByteCompile	TRUE
URL	https://personality-project.org/r/psych/ https://personality-project.org/r/psych-manual.pdf
NeedsCompilation	no
Packaged	2020-12-16 00:46:41 UTC; WR
Repository	CRAN
Date/Publication	2020-12-16 16:10:03 UTC

suggests	GPArotation , graph , lavaan , lme4 , psychTools , Rcsdp , Rgraphviz
imports	graphics , grDevices , lattice , methods , mnormt , nlme , parallel , stats
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