qol (version 1.2.1)

formats: Create Format Container

Description

Create a format container which stores discrete or interval values with corresponding labels that can be applied by using summarise_plus().

Create a format container independent from any data frame. Define which values should be recoded into which new categories, if the format is applied to a variable in a data frame. It is possible to assign a single value to multiple new categories to create a multilabel. It is recommended to let format names end with a dot to make them stand out.

Usage

discrete_format(...)
interval_format(...)

Value

Returns a data table which contains the values/value ranges with the corresponding labels

Arguments

...

List all the desired recodings/recoding ranges. Every element contains a text for the new category name and the values/value ranges which should be recoded into this new category.

Details

The concept of having formats as molds or stencils to put the data through, is inspired by 'SAS' formats. In 'SAS' formats are defined with the procedure Proc Formats, which is adapted with discrete_format() and interval_format(). Here you can define, which values should be transferred into which result categories. This is completely detached from the data your working with.

The great thing about this is, that one can not only label and recode values, but one can also define so called multilabels. Meaning, one original value can be transferred into multiple result categories.

A cell in a data frame can only hold one distinct value, which is normally a good thing. But let's say you want to convert single ages into age categories. The age "3" for example could go into the category "under 6", but also in "under 12", "under 18" and "total". Normally you would compute additional variables, which hold the different categorizations, or you could also double up the observations for each category. Both ways would just bloat up the data frame and cost additional memory, particularly if you work with big data sets.

With these format containers, you just keep a small reference of original values and result categories. Formats and data find their way together only just before computing the results, meaning the original data frame can be passed into a function capable of handling formats (see below), without any data transformation beforehand. You just tell the function which format should be applied to which variable. That's it. The function handles the rest and outputs all the desired categories.

This method is very memory efficient, readable and user friendly for creating larger and more complex outputs at the same time.

See Also

Functions that can handle formats: summarise_plus(), frequencies(), crosstabs(), any_table(), recode_multi(), transpose_plus(), sort_plus().

Examples

age. <- discrete_format(
    "Total"          = 0:100,
    "under 18"       = 0:17,
    "18 to under 25" = 18:24,
    "25 to under 55" = 25:54,
    "55 to under 65" = 55:64,
    "65 and older"   = 65:100)

sex. <- discrete_format(
    "Total"  = 1:2,
    "Male"   = 1,
    "Female" = 2)

education. <- discrete_format(
    "Total"            = c("low", "middle", "high"),
    "low education"    = "low",
    "middle education" = "middle",
    "high education"   = "high")

income. <- interval_format(
    "Total"              = 0:99999,
    "below 500"          = 0:499,
    "500 to under 1000"  = 500:999,
    "1000 to under 2000" = 1000:1999,
    "2000 and more"      = 2000:99999)

state. <- discrete_format(
    "Germany"                       = 1:16,
    "Schleswig-Holstein"            = 1,
    "Hamburg"                       = 2,
    "Lower Saxony"                  = 3,
    "Bremen"                        = 4,
    "North Rhine-Westphalia"        = 5,
    "Hesse"                         = 6,
    "Rhineland-Palatinate"          = 7,
    "Baden-Württemberg"             = 8,
    "Bavaria"                       = 9,
    "Saarland"                      = 10,
    "West"                          = 1:10,
    "Berlin"                        = 11,
    "Brandenburg"                   = 12,
    "Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania" = 13,
    "Saxony"                        = 14,
    "Saxony-Anhalt"                 = 15,
    "Thuringia"                     = 16,
    "East"                          = 11:16)

# With discrete formats you can specify the keyword "other" to
# catch any other value not covered by the explicitly specified values.
age. <- discrete_format(
    "under 18"       = 0:17,
    "18 to under 25" = 18:24,
    "25 to under 55" = "other")

# With interval formats you can also use the keywords "low" and "high" to
# catch everything from the lowest to the highest values, in case one doesn't
# know exactly what the lowest and highest values are.
income. <- interval_format(
    "Total"              = c("low", "high"),
    "below 500"          = c("low", 499),
    "500 to under 1000"  = 500:999,
    "1000 to under 2000" = 1000:1999,
    "2000 and more"      = c(2000, "high"))