riskdiff (version 0.2.1)

cachar_sample: Synthetic Cancer Risk Factor Study Data

Description

A synthetic dataset inspired by cancer screening and risk factor patterns observed during an opportunistic screening program conducted at the Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre in Northeast India, specifically designed to reflect authentic epidemiological relationships without using real patient data.

Usage

cachar_sample

Format

A data frame with 2,500 rows and 12 variables:

id

Participant identifier (1 to 2500)

age

Age in years (continuous, range 18-84)

sex

Biological sex: "male" or "female"

residence

Residence type: "rural", "urban", or "urban slum"

smoking

Current smoking status: "No" or "Yes"

tobacco_chewing

Current tobacco chewing: "No" or "Yes"

areca_nut

Current areca nut use: "No" or "Yes"

alcohol

Current alcohol use: "No" or "Yes"

abnormal_screen

Binary outcome: 1 = abnormal screening (precancerous lesions or cancer), 0 = normal

head_neck_abnormal

Binary outcome: 1 = head/neck abnormality detected, 0 = normal

age_group

Age categories: "Under 40", "40-60", "Over 60"

tobacco_areca_both

Combined exposure: "Yes" if both tobacco_chewing and areca_nut are "Yes", "No" otherwise

Details

This synthetic dataset was designed to reflect authentic epidemiological patterns observed in Northeast India, particularly the distinctive tobacco and areca nut use patterns of the region. All data points are mathematically generated rather than collected from real individuals.

Key epidemiological features modeled:

• Areca nut use: Very high prevalence (~69%) reflecting regional cultural practices

• Tobacco chewing: Moderate to high prevalence (~53%), often used with areca nut

• Smoking: Lower prevalence (~13%) with strong male predominance

• Cancer outcomes: Realistic prevalence (~3.5%) for population-based screening, including both precancerous lesions and invasive cancers

• Geographic patterns: Predominantly rural population (~87%)

Synthetic Data Advantages: The synthetic approach preserves authentic statistical relationships while:

• Avoiding any privacy or ethical concerns

• Ensuring reproducible examples and tests

• Providing controlled demonstration scenarios

• Maintaining cultural authenticity for educational purposes

Risk Factor Relationships: The data models realistic dose-response relationships between multiple tobacco exposures and cancer outcomes, with particularly strong associations for areca nut use and head/neck abnormalities, reflecting authentic epidemiological patterns from this region.

References

Epidemiological patterns modeled after studies of tobacco use and cancer risk in Northeast India. For research involving actual populations from this region, consult published literature on areca nut and tobacco-related cancer risks in South Asian populations.

Warnakulasuriya S, Trivedy C, Peters TJ (2002). "Areca nut use: an independent risk factor for oral cancer." BMJ, 324(7341), 799-800.

Gupta PC, Ray CS (2004). "Epidemiology of betel quid use." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 33(4 Suppl), 31-36.

Examples

data(cachar_sample)
head(cachar_sample)

# Basic descriptive statistics
table(cachar_sample$areca_nut, cachar_sample$abnormal_screen)

# Regional tobacco use patterns
with(cachar_sample, table(areca_nut, tobacco_chewing))

# Simple risk difference for areca nut and abnormal screening
rd_areca <- calc_risk_diff(
  data = cachar_sample,
  outcome = "abnormal_screen",
  exposure = "areca_nut"
)
print(rd_areca)

# Age-adjusted analysis
rd_adjusted <- calc_risk_diff(
  data = cachar_sample,
  outcome = "abnormal_screen",
  exposure = "areca_nut",
  adjust_vars = "age"
)
print(rd_adjusted)

# Stratified by sex
rd_stratified <- calc_risk_diff(
  data = cachar_sample,
  outcome = "head_neck_abnormal",
  exposure = "smoking",
  strata = "sex"
)
print(rd_stratified)

# Multiple tobacco exposures comparison
rd_smoking <- calc_risk_diff(cachar_sample, "abnormal_screen", "smoking")
rd_chewing <- calc_risk_diff(cachar_sample, "abnormal_screen", "tobacco_chewing")
rd_areca <- calc_risk_diff(cachar_sample, "abnormal_screen", "areca_nut")

# Compare risk differences
cat("Risk differences for abnormal screening:\n")
cat("Smoking:", sprintf("%.1f%%", rd_smoking$rd * 100), "\n")
cat("Tobacco chewing:", sprintf("%.1f%%", rd_chewing$rd * 100), "\n")
cat("Areca nut:", sprintf("%.1f%%", rd_areca$rd * 100), "\n")

# Create summary table
cat(create_simple_table(rd_areca, "Abnormal Screening Risk by Areca Nut Use"))