Internal function used by rtemis.server, read_config(), and the
DecomposeConfig and SuperConfig readers to reconstruct a
DecompositionConfig object from a named list. The list must carry an
algorithm element naming a decomposition algorithm; its siblings -- the
algorithm's settings and, optionally, features -- are passed to that
algorithm's setup_* function. Whether the algorithm can be applied to new
data is a requirement of the supervised pipeline, not of the document, so
the SuperConfig reader checks it separately.