Plantago (ribworts, plantains) species from European Russia: morphological table (Shipunov, 1998).
plantagoThis data frame has species names as row names, and contains the following columns (all variables are binary):
V010 annuals or biennials, 1 perennials
V020 not taller than 20 cm, 1 taller than 20 cm
V030 aboveground stems herbaceous, 1 aboveground stems woody
V040 vegetative nodes shortened, 1 vegetative nodes elongated
V050 vegetative shoots do not branch, 1 vegetative shoots branch
V060 phyllotaxis opposite, 1 phyllotaxis alternate
V070 well developed green leaves <= 5, 1 more
V080 the base of main shoot covered with remains of withered leaves, 1 the base is not covered with remains of withered leaves
V090 rhizome > 1 cm diam, 1 rhizome thinner
V100 slanted or horizontal rhizome, 1 vertical rhizome
V110 main root fast degrading, 1 main root presents on adult plants
V120 adventitious and lateral roots >= 1 mm diam, 1 less than 1 mm diam
V130 heterophylly present, 1 leaves similar
V140 leaves thin, transparent, 1 leaves not transparent
V150 leaves darken when dry, 1 leaves do not darken, sometimes became yellow or brown
V160 leaves (almost) naked, 1 leaves pubescent
V170 leaves flat, 1 leaves section rounded or leaves with furrow
V180 leaves with large teeth or even lobes, 1 leaves margin whole or with small teeth
V190 leaves linear, 1 leaves more broad
V200 leaves lanceolate, 1 leaves more broad
V210 leaves obovate, 1 leaves elliptic or ovate
V220 leaf tip blunt, 1 leaf tip sharp
V230 leaf base broad, suddenly narrowing into petiole, 1 leaf base narrow, smoothly become a petiole
V240 leaf margin with teeth, 1 leaf margin whole
V250 leaf veins >=7, 1 < 7
V260 petioles present, 1 petioles absent
V270 petioles almost equal or a bit shorter than leaf blades, 1 petioles much shorter than blades
V280 petioles without wings at the lowest 1/3 of length, 1 petioles with wings at the lowest 1/3 of length
V290 stalks horizontal or arcuate, 1 stalks straight or curved
V300 stalks naked, 1 stalks pubescent
V310 stalks with ribs, 1 stalks without ribs
V320 spikes longer, equal or slightly shorter than stalks, 1 spikes much shorter than stalks
V330 spikes long cylindrical or tail-like, 1 spikes rounded or short cylindrical
V340 lower bracts are much much broader than others, 1 all bracts similar
V350 middle and upper bracts not longer than sepals, 1 longer than sepals
V360 bracts with sharp tip, 1 bracts with blunt tip
V370 bract width >= length, 1 bract length > width
V380 bracts pubescent, 1 bracts naked
V390 bracts awned, 1 bracts not awned
V400 flowers slanted, spike lax, 1 flowers appressed, spike dense
V410 outer and inner sepals significantly different, 1 all sepals more or less similar
V420 sepals narrow, 1 sepals broad
V430 sepals with sharp tip, 1 sepals with blunt tip
V440 sepals pubescent, 1 sepals naked
V450 outer sepals fused, 1 outer sepals separate
V460 corolla tube pubescent, 1 corolla tube naked
V470 corolla lobes broad, elliptic or rounded, 1 corolla lobes narrow, oblanceolate or lanceolate
V480 corolla lobes with sharp tip, 1 corolla lobes with blunt tip
V490 corolla lobes white or silver, 1 corolla lobes yellowish or brownish
V500 stamens not exserted, 1 stamens exserted
V510 filaments yellowish or brownish, 1 filaments white, pinkish or purplish
V520 pollen grains with thickened pore margin, 1 pollen grains without thickened pore margin
V530 pollen grains with >= 9 pores, 1 pollen grains with < 9 pores
V540 pyxidium ovate or broadly conical, 1 pyxidium narrowly conical or elongated
V550 one or two seeds are much smaller than others, 1 all seeds similar
V560 seeds =< 2, 1 seeds > 2
V570 seeds 3--5, 1 seeds >= 6
V580 seeds flattened, 1 seeds rounded or angled
V590 plane which passes through embryo cotyledons is perpendicular to placenta, 1 plane which passes through embryo cotyledons is parallel to placenta
V600 polyploids, 1 diploids
V610 x=5, 1 x=6
# NOT RUN {
plot(hclust(dist(plantago, method="binary")))
# }
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