A matrix is calculated by using the dominance incidence matrix derived from 33,267 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) information on 297 individually cows,
$$D=\frac{X_d X_d'}{2 \sum_{j=1}^p (p_j^2+q_j^2) p_j q_j},$$
where
\(X_d\) is the design matrix for allele substitution effects for dominance.
\(p_j\) is the frecuency of the second allele at locus \(j\) and \(q_j=1-p_j\).