Internal soundgen function.
generateHarmonics(pitch, glottis = 0, attackLen = 50,
nonlinBalance = 0, nonlinDep = 50, nonlinRandomWalk = NULL,
jitterDep = 0, jitterLen = 1, vibratoFreq = 5, vibratoDep = 0,
shimmerDep = 0, shimmerLen = 1, creakyBreathy = 0, rolloff = -9,
rolloffOct = 0, rolloffKHz = 0, rolloffParab = 0,
rolloffParabHarm = 3, rolloff_perAmpl = 0, rolloffExact = NULL,
temperature = 0.025, pitchDriftDep = 0.5, pitchDriftFreq = 0.125,
amplDriftDep = 1, subDriftDep = 4, rolloffDriftDep = 3,
randomWalk_trendStrength = 0.5, shortestEpoch = 300, subFreq = 100,
subDep = 0, ampl = NA, normalize = TRUE, interpol = c("approx",
"spline", "loess")[3], overlap = 75, samplingRate = 16000,
pitchFloor = 75, pitchCeiling = 3500, pitchSamplingRate = 3500,
dynamicRange = 80)a contour of fundamental frequency (numeric vector). NB: for computational efficiency, provide the pitch contour at a reduced sampling rate pitchSamplingRate, eg 3500 points/s. The pitch contour will be upsampled before synthesis.
anchors for specifying the proportion of a glottal cycle with closed glottis, % (0 = no modification, 100 = closed phase as long as open phase); numeric vector or dataframe specifying time and value (anchor format)
duration of fade-in / fade-out at each end of syllables and noise (ms): a vector of length 1 (symmetric) or 2 (separately for fade-in and fade-out)
hyperparameter for regulating the (approximate) proportion of sound with different regimes of pitch effects (none / subharmonics only / subharmonics and jitter). 0% = no noise; 100% = the entire sound has jitter + subharmonics. Ignored if temperature = 0
hyperparameter for regulating the intensity of subharmonics and jitter, 0 to 100% (50% = jitter and subharmonics are as specified, <50% weaker, >50% stronger). Ignored if temperature = 0
a numeric vector specifying the timing of nonliner regimes: 0 = none, 1 = subharmonics, 2 = subharmonics + jitter + shimmer
cycle-to-cycle random pitch variation, semitones (anchor format)
duration of stable periods between pitch jumps, ms. Use a low value for harsh noise, a high value for irregular vibrato or shaky voice (anchor format)
the rate of regular pitch modulation, or vibrato, Hz (anchor format)
the depth of vibrato, semitones (anchor format)
random variation in amplitude between individual glottal cycles (0 to 100% of original amplitude of each cycle) (anchor format)
duration of stable periods between amplitude jumps, ms. Use a low value for harsh noise, a high value for shaky voice (anchor format)
hyperparameter for a rough adjustment of voice quality from creaky (-1) to breathy (+1); 0 = no change
basic rolloff from lower to upper harmonics, db/octave
(exponential decay). All rolloff parameters are in anchor format. See
getRolloff for more details
basic rolloff changes from lower to upper harmonics
(regardless of f0) by rolloffOct dB/oct. For example, we can get
steeper rolloff in the upper part of the spectrum
rolloff changes linearly with f0 by rolloffKHz
dB/kHz. For ex., -6 dB/kHz gives a 6 dB steeper basic rolloff as f0 goes up
by 1000 Hz
an optional quadratic term affecting only the first
rolloffParabHarm harmonics. The middle harmonic of the first
rolloffParabHarm harmonics is amplified or dampened by
rolloffParab dB relative to the basic exponential decay
the number of harmonics affected by
rolloffParab
as amplitude goes down from max to
-dynamicRange, rolloff increases by rolloff_perAmpl
dB/octave. The effect is to make loud parts brighter by increasing energy
in higher frequencies
user-specified exact strength of harmonics: a vector or matrix with one row per harmonic, scale 0 to 1 (overrides all other rolloff parameters)
hyperparameter for regulating the amount of stochasticity in sound generation
scale factor regulating the effect of temperature on the amount of slow random drift of f0 (like jitter, but slower): the higher, the more f0 "wiggles" at a given temperature
scale factor regulating the effect of temperature on the frequency of random drift of f0 (like jitter, but slower): the higher, the faster f0 "wiggles" at a given temperature
try 0 to 1 - the higher, the more likely rw is to get high in the middle and low at the beginning and end (i.e. max effect amplitude in the middle of a sound)
minimum duration of each epoch with unchanging subharmonics regime, in ms
target frequency of subharmonics, Hz (lower than f0, adjusted dynamically so f0 is always a multiple of subFreq) (anchor format)
the width of subharmonic band, Hz. Regulates how quickly the strength of subharmonics fades as they move away from harmonics in f0 stack (anchor format)
amplitude envelope (dB, 0 = max amplitude) (anchor format)
if TRUE, normalizes to -1...+1 prior to applying attack and amplitude envelope. W/o this, sounds with stronger harmonics are louder
the method of smoothing envelopes based on provided anchors: 'approx' = linear interpolation, 'spline' = cubic spline, 'loess' (default) = polynomial local smoothing function. NB: this does not affect contours for "noise", "glottal", and the smoothing of formants
FFT window overlap, %. For allowed values, see
istft
sampling frequency, Hz
lower & upper bounds of f0
lower & upper bounds of f0
sampling frequency of the pitch contour only, Hz.
Low values reduce processing time. Set to pitchCeiling for optimal
speed or to samplingRate for optimal quality
dynamic range, dB. Harmonics and noise more than dynamicRange under maximum amplitude are discarded to save computational resources
Returns one continuous, unfiltered, voiced syllable consisting of several sine waves.
# NOT RUN {
rolloffExact1 = c(.2, .2, 1, .2, .2)
s1 = soundgen:::generateHarmonics(pitch = seq(400, 530, length.out = 1500),
rolloffExact = rolloffExact1)
spectrogram(s1, 16000, ylim = c(0, 4))
# playme(s1, 16000)
rolloffExact2 = matrix(c(.2, .2, 1, .2, .2,
1, .5, .2, .1, .05), ncol = 2)
s2 = soundgen:::generateHarmonics(pitch = seq(400, 530, length.out = 1500),
rolloffExact = rolloffExact2)
spectrogram(s2, 16000, ylim = c(0, 4))
# playme(s2, 16000)
# }
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