⚠️There's a newer version (1.8.5) of this package. Take me there.

sparklyr: R interface for Apache Spark

  • Connect to Spark from R. The sparklyr package provides a complete dplyr backend.
  • Filter and aggregate Spark datasets then bring them into R for analysis and visualization.
  • Use Spark's distributed machine learning library from R.
  • Create extensions that call the full Spark API and provide interfaces to Spark packages.

Installation

You can install the development version of the sparklyr package using devtools as follows:

install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("rstudio/sparklyr")

You should also install a local version of Spark for development purposes:

library(sparklyr)
spark_install(version = "1.6.2")

To upgrade to the latest version of sparklyr, run the following command and restart your r session:

devtools::install_github("rstudio/sparklyr")

If you use the RStudio IDE, you should also download the latest preview release of the IDE which includes several enhancements for interacting with Spark (see the RStudio IDE section below for more details).

Connecting to Spark

You can connect to both local instances of Spark as well as remote Spark clusters. Here we'll connect to a local instance of Spark via the spark_connect function:

library(sparklyr)
sc <- spark_connect(master = "local")

The returned Spark connection (sc) provides a remote dplyr data source to the Spark cluster.

For more information on connecting to remote Spark clusters see the Deployment section.of the sparklyr website.

Using dplyr

We can new use all of the available dplyr verbs against the tables within the cluster.

We'll start by copying some datasets from R into the Spark cluster (note that you may need to install the nycflights13 and Lahman packages in order to execute this code):

install.packages(c("nycflights13", "Lahman"))
library(dplyr)
iris_tbl <- copy_to(sc, iris)
flights_tbl <- copy_to(sc, nycflights13::flights, "flights")
batting_tbl <- copy_to(sc, Lahman::Batting, "batting")
src_tbls(sc)
## [1] "batting" "flights" "iris"

To start with here's a simple filtering example:

# filter by departure delay and print the first few records
flights_tbl %>% filter(dep_delay == 2)
## Source:   query [?? x 19]
## Database: spark connection master=local[8] app=sparklyr local=TRUE
## 
##     year month   day dep_time sched_dep_time dep_delay arr_time
##    <int> <int> <int>    <int>          <int>     <dbl>    <int>
## 1   2013     1     1      517            515         2      830
## 2   2013     1     1      542            540         2      923
## 3   2013     1     1      702            700         2     1058
## 4   2013     1     1      715            713         2      911
## 5   2013     1     1      752            750         2     1025
## 6   2013     1     1      917            915         2     1206
## 7   2013     1     1      932            930         2     1219
## 8   2013     1     1     1028           1026         2     1350
## 9   2013     1     1     1042           1040         2     1325
## 10  2013     1     1     1231           1229         2     1523
## # ... with more rows, and 12 more variables: sched_arr_time <int>,
## #   arr_delay <dbl>, carrier <chr>, flight <int>, tailnum <chr>,
## #   origin <chr>, dest <chr>, air_time <dbl>, distance <dbl>, hour <dbl>,
## #   minute <dbl>, time_hour <dbl>

Introduction to dplyr provides additional dplyr examples you can try. For example, consider the last example from the tutorial which plots data on flight delays:

delay <- flights_tbl %>% 
  group_by(tailnum) %>%
  summarise(count = n(), dist = mean(distance), delay = mean(arr_delay)) %>%
  filter(count > 20, dist < 2000, !is.na(delay)) %>%
  collect

# plot delays
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(delay, aes(dist, delay)) +
  geom_point(aes(size = count), alpha = 1/2) +
  geom_smooth() +
  scale_size_area(max_size = 2)

Window Functions

dplyr window functions are also supported, for example:

batting_tbl %>%
  select(playerID, yearID, teamID, G, AB:H) %>%
  arrange(playerID, yearID, teamID) %>%
  group_by(playerID) %>%
  filter(min_rank(desc(H)) <= 2 & H > 0)
## Source:   query [?? x 7]
## Database: spark connection master=local[8] app=sparklyr local=TRUE
## Groups: playerID
## 
##     playerID yearID teamID     G    AB     R     H
##        <chr>  <int>  <chr> <int> <int> <int> <int>
## 1  anderal01   1941    PIT    70   223    32    48
## 2  anderal01   1942    PIT    54   166    24    45
## 3  balesco01   2008    WAS    15    15     1     3
## 4  balesco01   2009    WAS     7     8     0     1
## 5  bandoch01   1986    CLE    92   254    28    68
## 6  bandoch01   1984    CLE    75   220    38    64
## 7  bedelho01   1962    ML1    58   138    15    27
## 8  bedelho01   1968    PHI     9     7     0     1
## 9  biittla01   1977    CHN   138   493    74   147
## 10 biittla01   1975    MON   121   346    34   109
## # ... with more rows

For additional documentation on using dplyr with Spark see the dplyr section of the sparklyr website.

Using SQL

It's also possible to execute SQL queries directly against tables within a Spark cluster. The spark_connection object implements a DBI interface for Spark, so you can use dbGetQuery to execute SQL and return the result as an R data frame:

library(DBI)
iris_preview <- dbGetQuery(sc, "SELECT * FROM iris LIMIT 10")
iris_preview
##    Sepal_Length Sepal_Width Petal_Length Petal_Width Species
## 1           5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2  setosa
## 2           4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2  setosa
## 3           4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2  setosa
## 4           4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2  setosa
## 5           5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2  setosa
## 6           5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4  setosa
## 7           4.6         3.4          1.4         0.3  setosa
## 8           5.0         3.4          1.5         0.2  setosa
## 9           4.4         2.9          1.4         0.2  setosa
## 10          4.9         3.1          1.5         0.1  setosa

Machine Learning

You can orchestrate machine learning algorithms in a Spark cluster via the machine learning functions within sparklyr. These functions connect to a set of high-level APIs built on top of DataFrames that help you create and tune machine learning workflows.

Here's an example where we use ml_linear_regression to fit a linear regression model. We'll use the built-in mtcars dataset, and see if we can predict a car's fuel consumption (mpg) based on its weight (wt), and the number of cylinders the engine contains (cyl). We'll assume in each case that the relationship between mpg and each of our features is linear.

# copy mtcars into spark
mtcars_tbl <- copy_to(sc, mtcars)

# transform our data set, and then partition into 'training', 'test'
partitions <- mtcars_tbl %>%
  filter(hp >= 100) %>%
  mutate(cyl8 = cyl == 8) %>%
  sdf_partition(training = 0.5, test = 0.5, seed = 1099)

# fit a linear model to the training dataset
fit <- partitions$training %>%
  ml_linear_regression(response = "mpg", features = c("wt", "cyl"))
fit
## Call:
## mpg ~ wt + cyl 
## 
## Coefficients:
## (Intercept)          wt         cyl 
##   37.066699   -2.309504   -1.639546

For linear regression models produced by Spark, we can use summary() to learn a bit more about the quality of our fit, and the statistical significance of each of our predictors.

summary(fit)
## Call:
## mpg ~ wt + cyl 
## 
## Deviance Residuals::
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.6881 -1.0507 -0.4420  0.4757  3.3858 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value  Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 37.06670    2.76494 13.4059 2.981e-07 ***
## wt          -2.30950    0.84748 -2.7252   0.02341 *  
## cyl         -1.63955    0.58635 -2.7962   0.02084 *  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## R-Squared: 0.8665
## Root Mean Squared Error: 1.799

Spark machine learning supports a wide array of algorithms and feature transformations and as illustrated above it's easy to chain these functions together with dplyr pipelines. To learn more see the machine learning section.

Reading and Writing Data

You can read and write data in CSV, JSON, and Parquet formats. Data can be stored in HDFS, S3, or on the lcoal filesystem of cluster nodes.

temp_csv <- tempfile(fileext = ".csv")
temp_parquet <- tempfile(fileext = ".parquet")
temp_json <- tempfile(fileext = ".json")

spark_write_csv(iris_tbl, temp_csv)
iris_csv_tbl <- spark_read_csv(sc, "iris_csv", temp_csv)

spark_write_parquet(iris_tbl, temp_parquet)
iris_parquet_tbl <- spark_read_parquet(sc, "iris_parquet", temp_parquet)

spark_write_csv(iris_tbl, temp_json)
iris_json_tbl <- spark_read_csv(sc, "iris_json", temp_json)

src_tbls(sc)
## [1] "batting"      "flights"      "iris"         "iris_csv"    
## [5] "iris_json"    "iris_parquet" "mtcars"

Extensions

The facilities used internally by sparklyr for its dplyr and machine learning interfaces are available to extension packages via the sparkapi package. Since Spark is a general purpose cluster computing system there are many potential applications for extensions (e.g. interfaces to custom machine learning pipelines, interfaces to 3rd party Spark packages, etc.).

Here's a simple example that wraps a Spark text file line counting function with an R function:

library(sparkapi)
## 
## Attaching package: 'sparkapi'

## The following object is masked from 'package:sparklyr':
## 
##     spark_web
# write a CSV 
tempfile <- tempfile(fileext = ".csv")
write.csv(nycflights13::flights, tempfile, row.names = FALSE, na = "")

# define an R interface to Spark line counting
count_lines <- function(sc, path) {
  spark_context(sc) %>% 
    invoke("textFile", path, 1L) %>% 
      invoke("count")
}

# call spark to count the lines of the CSV
count_lines(sc, tempfile)
## [1] 336777

To learn more about creating extensions see the Extensions section of the sparklyr website.

dplyr Utilities

You can cache a table into memory with:

tbl_cache(sc, "batting")

and unload from memory using:

tbl_uncache(sc, "batting")

Connection Utilities

You can view the Spark web console using the spark_web function:

spark_web(sc)

You can show the log using the spark_log function:

spark_log(sc, n = 10)
## 16/07/11 08:02:53 INFO DAGScheduler: Submitting 1 missing tasks from ResultStage 67 (/var/folders/st/b1kz7ydn54nfzfsrl7_hggyc0000gn/T//RtmpxqBOpz/file74f16edc3460.csv MapPartitionsRDD[300] at textFile at NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:-2)
## 16/07/11 08:02:53 INFO TaskSchedulerImpl: Adding task set 67.0 with 1 tasks
## 16/07/11 08:02:53 INFO TaskSetManager: Starting task 0.0 in stage 67.0 (TID 501, localhost, partition 0,PROCESS_LOCAL, 2473 bytes)
## 16/07/11 08:02:53 INFO Executor: Running task 0.0 in stage 67.0 (TID 501)
## 16/07/11 08:02:53 INFO HadoopRDD: Input split: file:/var/folders/st/b1kz7ydn54nfzfsrl7_hggyc0000gn/T/RtmpxqBOpz/file74f16edc3460.csv:0+33313106
## 16/07/11 08:02:53 INFO Executor: Finished task 0.0 in stage 67.0 (TID 501). 2082 bytes result sent to driver
## 16/07/11 08:02:53 INFO TaskSetManager: Finished task 0.0 in stage 67.0 (TID 501) in 103 ms on localhost (1/1)
## 16/07/11 08:02:53 INFO TaskSchedulerImpl: Removed TaskSet 67.0, whose tasks have all completed, from pool 
## 16/07/11 08:02:53 INFO DAGScheduler: ResultStage 67 (count at NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:-2) finished in 0.103 s
## 16/07/11 08:02:53 INFO DAGScheduler: Job 47 finished: count at NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:-2, took 0.107400 s

Finally, we disconnect from Spark:

spark_disconnect(sc)

RStudio IDE

The latest RStudio Preview Release of the RStudio IDE includes integrated support for Spark and the sparklyr package, including tools for:

  • Creating and managing Spark connections
  • Browsing the tables and columns of Spark DataFrames
  • Previewing the first 1,000 rows of Spark DataFrames

Once you've installed the sparklyr package, you should find a new Spark pane within the IDE. This pane includes a New Connection dialog which can be used to make connections to local or remote Spark instances:

Once you've connected to Spark you'll be able to browse the tables contained within the Spark cluster:

The Spark DataFrame preview uses the standard RStudio data viewer:

The RStudio IDE features for sparklyr are available now as part of the RStudio Preview Release.

Copy Link

Version

Down Chevron

Install

install.packages('sparklyr')

Monthly Downloads

57,166

Version

0.2.26

License

file LICENSE

Maintainer

Last Published

January 1st, 1970

Functions in sparklyr (0.2.26)