diagnose.ppm
Diagnostic Plots for Fitted Point Process Model
Given a point process model fitted to a point pattern, produce diagnostic plots based on residuals.
Usage
diagnose.ppm(object, ..., type="raw", which="all", sigma=NULL,
rbord=reach(object), cumulative=TRUE,
plot.it=TRUE, rv = NULL, compute.sd=TRUE,
compute.cts=TRUE, typename, check=TRUE, repair=TRUE,
oldstyle=FALSE)
## S3 method for class 'diagppm':
plot(x, \dots, which,
plot.neg="image", plot.smooth="imagecontour",
plot.sd=TRUE, spacing=0.1,
srange=NULL, monochrome=FALSE, main=NULL)
Arguments
- object
- The fitted point process model (an object of class
"ppm"
) for which diagnostics should be produced. This object is usually obtained fromppm
. - type
- String indicating the type of residuals or weights to be used.
Current options are
"eem"
for the Stoyan-Grabarnik exponential energy weights,"raw"
for the raw residuals,"inverse"
for the inverse-lam - which
- Character string or vector indicating the choice(s) of
plots to be generated. Options are
"all"
,"marks"
,"smooth"
,"x"
,"y"
and"sum"
. Multiple choices may be g - sigma
- Bandwidth for kernel smoother in
"smooth"
option. - rbord
- Width of border to avoid edge effects.
The diagnostic calculations
will be confined to those points of the data pattern which are
at least
rbord
units away from the edge of the window. - cumulative
- Logical flag indicating whether the lurking variable plots
for the $x$ and $y$ coordinates will be the plots of
cumulative sums of marks (
cumulative=TRUE
) or the plots of marginal integrals of the smoothed residual field ( - plot.it
- Logical value indicating whether
plots should be shown. If
plot.it=FALSE
, the computed diagnostic quantities are returned without plotting them. - plot.neg
- One of
"discrete"
or"image"
indicating how the density part of the residual measure should be plotted. - plot.smooth
- One of
"image"
,"persp"
,"contour"
or"imagecontour"
indicating how the smoothed residual field should be plotted. - compute.sd,plot.sd
- Logical values indicating whether
error bounds should be computed and added to the
"x"
and"y"
plots. The default isTRUE
for Poisson models andFALSE
for non-Poisson models. See Details. - rv
- Usually absent.
If this argument is present, the values of the residuals will not be
calculated from the fitted model
object
but will instead be taken directly from this vector. - spacing
- The spacing between plot panels (when a four-panel plot is generated) expressed as a fraction of the width of the window of the point pattern.
- srange
- Vector of length 2 that will be taken as giving the range of values of the smoothed residual field, when generating an image plot of this field. This is useful if you want to generate diagnostic plots for two different fitted models using the
- monochrome
- Flag indicating whether images should be displayed in greyscale (suitable for publication) or in colour (suitable for the screen). The default is to display in colour.
- check
- Logical value indicating whether to check the internal format
of
object
. If there is any possibility that this object has been restored from a dump file, or has otherwise lost track of the environment where it was originally compu - repair
- Logical value indicating whether to repair the internal format
of
object
, if it is found to be damaged. - oldstyle
- Logical flag indicating whether error bounds should be plotted
using the approximation given in the original paper
(
oldstyle=TRUE
), or using the correct asymptotic formula (oldstyle=FALSE
). - x
- The value returned from a previous call to
diagnose.ppm
. An object of class"diagppm"
. - typename
- String to be used as the name of the residuals.
- main
- Main title for the plot.
- ...
- Extra arguments, controlling either the resolution of the smoothed image
(passed from
diagnose.ppm
todensity.ppp
) or the appearance of the plots (passed fromdiagnose.pp
- compute.cts
- Advanced use only.
Details
This function generates several diagnostic plots for a
fitted point process model.
The plots display the residuals from the fitted model
(Baddeley et al, 2005)
or alternatively the `exponential energy marks' (Stoyan and Grabarnik, 1991).
These plots can be used to
assess goodness-of-fit, to identify outliers in the data,
and to reveal departures from the fitted model.
See also the companion function qqplot.ppm
.
The argument object
must be a fitted point process model
(object of class "ppm"
) typically produced by the maximum
pseudolikelihood fitting algorithm ppm
).
The argument type
selects the type of residual or weight
that will be computed. Current options are:
[object Object],[object Object]
The argument which
selects the type of plot that is
produced. Options are:
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The argument rbord
ensures there are no edge
effects in the computation of the residuals. The diagnostic calculations
will be confined to those points of the data pattern which are
at least rbord
units away from the edge of the window.
The value of rbord
should be greater than or equal to
the range of interaction permitted in the model.
By default, the two-standard-deviation limits are calculated
from the exact formula for the asymptotic variance
of the residuals under the asymptotic normal approximation,
equation (37) of Baddeley et al (2006).
However, for compatibility with the original paper
of Baddeley et al (2005), if oldstyle=TRUE
,
the two-standard-deviation limits are calculated
using the innovation variance, an over-estimate of the true
variance of the residuals.
The argument rv
would normally be used only by experts.
It enables the user to substitute arbitrary values for the
residuals or marks, overriding the usual calculations.
If rv
is present, then instead of calculating the residuals from
the fitted model, the algorithm takes the entries of the vector
rv
to be the values of the residuals or marks,
and plots them in the manner appropriate to the type of residual
or mark selected by type
. The length of rv
must equal
the number of points in the original data point pattern
(if type="eem"
) or the number of quadrature (data and dummy)
points used to fit the model (if type="raw"
,
type="inverse"
or type="pearson"
).
The return value is an object of class "diagppm"
.
There are methods for plot
and print
for such objects.
See the Examples.
See also the companion functions qqplot.ppm
, which produces a
Q-Q plot of the residuals, and lurking
, which produces
lurking variable plots for any spatial covariate.
Value
- An object of class
"diagppm"
which contains the coordinates needed to reproduce the selected plots. This object can be plotted usingplot.diagppm
and printed usingprint.diagppm
.
References
Baddeley, A., Turner, R., Moller, J. and Hazelton, M. (2005) Residual analysis for spatial point processes. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 67, 617--666.
Baddeley, A., Moller, J. and Pakes, A.G. (2006) Properties of residuals for spatial point processes. To appear. Stoyan, D. and Grabarnik, P. (1991) Second-order characteristics for stochastic structures connected with Gibbs point processes. Mathematische Nachrichten, 151:95--100.
See Also
Examples
data(cells)
fit <- ppm(cells, ~x, Strauss(r=0.15))
diagnose.ppm(fit)
diagnose.ppm(fit, type="pearson")
diagnose.ppm(fit, which="marks")
diagnose.ppm(fit, type="raw", plot.neg="discrete")
# save the diagnostics and plot them later
u <- diagnose.ppm(fit, rbord=0.15, plot.it=FALSE)
plot(u)
plot(u, which="marks")