# dclf.sigtrace

0th

Percentile

##### Significance Trace of Cressie-Loosmore-Ford or Maximum Absolute Deviation Test

Generates a Significance Trace of the Diggle(1986)/ Cressie (1991)/ Loosmore and Ford (2006) test or the Maximum Absolute Deviation test for a spatial point pattern.

Keywords
htest, spatial
##### Usage
dclf.sigtrace(X, …)
mctest.sigtrace(X, fun=Lest, …,
exponent=1, interpolate=FALSE, alpha=0.05,
confint=TRUE, rmin=0)
##### Arguments
X

Either a point pattern (object of class "ppp", "lpp" or other class), a fitted point process model (object of class "ppm", "kppm" or other class) or an envelope object (class "envelope").

Arguments passed to envelope or mctest.progress. Useful arguments include fun to determine the summary function, nsim to specify the number of Monte Carlo simulations, alternative to specify a one-sided test, and verbose=FALSE to turn off the messages.

fun

Function that computes the desired summary statistic for a point pattern.

exponent

Positive number. The exponent of the $L^p$ distance. See Details.

interpolate

Logical value specifying whether to calculate the $p$-value by interpolation. If interpolate=FALSE (the default), a standard Monte Carlo test is performed, yielding a $p$-value of the form $(k+1)/(n+1)$ where $n$ is the number of simulations and $k$ is the number of simulated values which are more extreme than the observed value. If interpolate=TRUE, the $p$-value is calculated by applying kernel density estimation to the simulated values, and computing the tail probability for this estimated distribution.

alpha

Significance level to be plotted (this has no effect on the calculation but is simply plotted as a reference value).

confint

Logical value indicating whether to compute a confidence interval for the ‘true’ $p$-value.

rmin

Optional. Left endpoint for the interval of $r$ values on which the test statistic is calculated.

##### Details

The Diggle (1986)/ Cressie (1991)/Loosmore and Ford (2006) test and the Maximum Absolute Deviation test for a spatial point pattern are described in dclf.test. These tests depend on the choice of an interval of distance values (the argument rinterval). A significance trace (Bowman and Azzalini, 1997; Baddeley et al, 2014, 2015) of the test is a plot of the $p$-value obtained from the test against the length of the interval rinterval.

The command dclf.sigtrace performs dclf.test on X using all possible intervals of the form $[0,R]$, and returns the resulting $p$-values as a function of $R$.

Similarly mad.sigtrace performs mad.test using all possible intervals and returns the $p$-values.

More generally, mctest.sigtrace performs a test based on the $L^p$ discrepancy between the curves. The deviation between two curves is measured by the $p$th root of the integral of the $p$th power of the absolute value of the difference between the two curves. The exponent $p$ is given by the argument exponent. The case exponent=2 is the Cressie-Loosmore-Ford test, while exponent=Inf is the MAD test.

If the argument rmin is given, it specifies the left endpoint of the interval defining the test statistic: the tests are performed using intervals $[r_{\mbox{\scriptsize min}},R]$ where $R \ge r_{\mbox{\scriptsize min}}$.

The result of each command is an object of class "fv" that can be plotted to obtain the significance trace. The plot shows the Monte Carlo $p$-value (solid black line), the critical value 0.05 (dashed red line), and a pointwise 95% confidence band (grey shading) for the ‘true’ (Neyman-Pearson) $p$-value. The confidence band is based on the Agresti-Coull (1998) confidence interval for a binomial proportion (when interpolate=FALSE) or the delta method and normal approximation (when interpolate=TRUE).

If X is an envelope object and fun=NULL then the code will re-use the simulated functions stored in X.

##### Value

An object of class "fv" that can be plotted to obtain the significance trace.

##### References

Agresti, A. and Coull, B.A. (1998) Approximate is better than “Exact” for interval estimation of binomial proportions. American Statistician 52, 119--126.

Baddeley, A., Diggle, P., Hardegen, A., Lawrence, T., Milne, R. and Nair, G. (2014) On tests of spatial pattern based on simulation envelopes. Ecological Monographs 84(3) 477--489.

Baddeley, A., Hardegen, A., Lawrence, L., Milne, R.K., Nair, G.M. and Rakshit, S. (2015) Pushing the envelope: extensions of graphical Monte Carlo tests. Submitted for publication.

Bowman, A.W. and Azzalini, A. (1997) Applied smoothing techniques for data analysis: the kernel approach with S-Plus illustrations. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

dclf.test for the tests; dclf.progress for progress plots.

See plot.fv for information on plotting objects of class "fv".

See also dg.sigtrace.

##### Aliases
• dclf.sigtrace
# NOT RUN {