linearKinhom

0th

Percentile

Inhomogeneous Linear K Function

Computes an estimate of the inhomogeneous linear $K$ function for a point pattern on a linear network.

Keywords
spatial, nonparametric
Usage
linearKinhom(X, lambda=NULL, r=NULL, ..., correction="Ang",
normalise=TRUE, normpower=1,
update=TRUE, leaveoneout=TRUE, ratio=FALSE)
Arguments
X

Point pattern on linear network (object of class "lpp").

lambda

Intensity values for the point pattern. Either a numeric vector, a function, a pixel image (object of class "im" or "linim") or a fitted point process model (object of class "ppm" or "lppm").

r

Optional. Numeric vector of values of the function argument $r$. There is a sensible default.

Ignored.

correction

Geometry correction. Either "none" or "Ang". See Details.

normalise

Logical. If TRUE (the default), the denominator of the estimator is data-dependent (equal to the sum of the reciprocal intensities at the data points, raised to normpower), which reduces the sampling variability. If FALSE, the denominator is the length of the network.

normpower

Integer (usually either 1 or 2). Normalisation power. See Details.

update

Logical value indicating what to do when lambda is a fitted model (class "lppm" or "ppm"). If update=TRUE (the default), the model will first be refitted to the data X (using update.lppm or update.ppm) before the fitted intensity is computed. If update=FALSE, the fitted intensity of the model will be computed without re-fitting it to X.

leaveoneout

Logical value (passed to fitted.lppm or fitted.ppm) specifying whether to use a leave-one-out rule when calculating the intensity, when lambda is a fitted model. Supported only when update=TRUE.

ratio

Logical. If TRUE, the numerator and denominator of the estimate will also be saved, for use in analysing replicated point patterns.

Details

This command computes the inhomogeneous version of the linear $K$ function from point pattern data on a linear network.

If lambda = NULL the result is equivalent to the homogeneous $K$ function linearK. If lambda is given, then it is expected to provide estimated values of the intensity of the point process at each point of X. The argument lambda may be a numeric vector (of length equal to the number of points in X), or a function(x,y) that will be evaluated at the points of X to yield numeric values, or a pixel image (object of class "im") or a fitted point process model (object of class "ppm" or "lppm").

If lambda is a fitted point process model, the default behaviour is to update the model by re-fitting it to the data, before computing the fitted intensity. This can be disabled by setting update=FALSE.

If correction="none", the calculations do not include any correction for the geometry of the linear network. If correction="Ang", the pair counts are weighted using Ang's correction (Ang, 2010).

Each estimate is initially computed as $$\widehat K_{\rm inhom}(r) = \frac{1}{\mbox{length}(L)} \sum_i \sum_j \frac{1\{d_{ij} \le r\} e(x_i,x_j)}{\lambda(x_i)\lambda(x_j)}$$ where L is the linear network, $d_{ij}$ is the distance between points $x_i$ and $x_j$, and $e(x_i,x_j)$ is a weight. If correction="none" then this weight is equal to 1, while if correction="Ang" the weight is $e(x_i,x_j,r) = 1/m(x_i, d_{ij})$ where $m(u,t)$ is the number of locations on the network that lie exactly $t$ units distant from location $u$ by the shortest path.

If normalise=TRUE (the default), then the estimates described above are multiplied by $c^{\mbox{normpower}}$ where $c = \mbox{length}(L)/\sum (1/\lambda(x_i)).$ This rescaling reduces the variability and bias of the estimate in small samples and in cases of very strong inhomogeneity. The default value of normpower is 1 (for consistency with previous versions of spatstat) but the most sensible value is 2, which would correspond to rescaling the lambda values so that $\sum (1/\lambda(x_i)) = \mbox{area}(W).$

Value

Function value table (object of class "fv").

References

Ang, Q.W. (2010) Statistical methodology for spatial point patterns on a linear network. MSc thesis, University of Western Australia.

Ang, Q.W., Baddeley, A. and Nair, G. (2012) Geometrically corrected second-order analysis of events on a linear network, with applications to ecology and criminology. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 39, 591--617.

lpp

• linearKinhom
Examples
# NOT RUN {
data(simplenet)
X <- rpoislpp(5, simplenet)
fit <- lppm(X ~x)
K <- linearKinhom(X, lambda=fit)
plot(K)
# }

Documentation reproduced from package spatstat, version 1.61-0, License: GPL (>= 2)

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