# binom.test

0th

Percentile

##### Exact Binomial Test

Performs an exact test of a simple null hypothesis about the probability of success in a Bernoulli experiment.

Keywords
htest
##### Usage
binom.test(x, n, p = 0.5, alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.95)
##### Arguments
x
number of successes, or a vector of length 2 giving the numbers of successes and failures, respectively.
n
number of trials; ignored if x has length 2.
p
hypothesized probability of success.
alternative
indicates the alternative hypothesis and must be one of "two.sided", "greater" or "less". You can specify just the initial letter.
conf.level
confidence level for the returned confidence interval.
##### Details

Confidence intervals are obtained by a procedure first given in Clopper and Pearson (1934). This guarantees that the confidence level is at least conf.level, but in general does not give the shortest-length confidence intervals.

##### Value

A list with class "htest" containing the following components:
statistic
the number of successes.
parameter
the number of trials.
p.value
the p-value of the test.
conf.int
a confidence interval for the probability of success.
estimate
the estimated probability of success.
null.value
the probability of success under the null, p.
alternative
a character string describing the alternative hypothesis.
method
the character string "Exact binomial test".
data.name
a character string giving the names of the data.

##### References

Clopper, C. J. & Pearson, E. S. (1934). The use of confidence or fiducial limits illustrated in the case of the binomial. Biometrika, 26, 404--413.

William J. Conover (1971), Practical nonparametric statistics. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pages 97--104.

Myles Hollander & Douglas A. Wolfe (1973), Nonparametric Statistical Methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pages 15--22.

prop.test for a general (approximate) test for equal or given proportions.
library(stats) ## Conover (1971), p. 97f. ## Under (the assumption of) simple Mendelian inheritance, a cross ## between plants of two particular genotypes produces progeny 1/4 of ## which are "dwarf" and 3/4 of which are "giant", respectively. ## In an experiment to determine if this assumption is reasonable, a ## cross results in progeny having 243 dwarf and 682 giant plants. ## If "giant" is taken as success, the null hypothesis is that p = ## 3/4 and the alternative that p != 3/4. binom.test(c(682, 243), p = 3/4) binom.test(682, 682 + 243, p = 3/4) # The same. ## => Data are in agreement with the null hypothesis.