statsExpressions (version 1.3.5)

oneway_anova: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Description

Parametric, non-parametric, robust, and Bayesian one-way ANOVA.

Usage

oneway_anova(
  data,
  x,
  y,
  subject.id = NULL,
  type = "parametric",
  paired = FALSE,
  k = 2L,
  conf.level = 0.95,
  effsize.type = "omega",
  var.equal = FALSE,
  bf.prior = 0.707,
  tr = 0.2,
  nboot = 100L,
  ...
)

Value

The returned tibble data frame can contain some or all of the following columns (the exact columns will depend on the statistical test):

• statistic: the numeric value of a statistic

• df: the numeric value of a parameter being modeled (often degrees of freedom for the test)

• df.error and df: relevant only if the statistic in question has two degrees of freedom (e.g. anova)

• p.value: the two-sided p-value associated with the observed statistic

• method: the name of the inferential statistical test

• estimate: estimated value of the effect size

• conf.low: lower bound for the effect size estimate

• conf.high: upper bound for the effect size estimate

• conf.level: width of the confidence interval

• conf.method: method used to compute confidence interval

• conf.distribution: statistical distribution for the effect

• effectsize: the name of the effect size

• n.obs: number of observations

• expression: pre-formatted expression containing statistical details

For examples of dataframe outputs, see examples and this vignette.

Note that all examples are preceded by set.seed() calls for reproducibility.

Arguments

data

A data frame (or a tibble) from which variables specified are to be taken. Other data types (e.g., matrix,table, array, etc.) will not be accepted. Additionally, grouped data frames from {dplyr} should be ungrouped before they are entered as data.

x

The grouping (or independent) variable from data. In case of a repeated measures or within-subjects design, if subject.id argument is not available or not explicitly specified, the function assumes that the data has already been sorted by such an id by the user and creates an internal identifier. So if your data is not sorted, the results can be inaccurate when there are more than two levels in x and there are NAs present. The data is expected to be sorted by user in subject-1,subject-2, ..., pattern.

y

The response (or outcome or dependent) variable from data.

subject.id

Relevant in case of a repeated measures or within-subjects design (paired = TRUE, i.e.), it specifies the subject or repeated measures identifier. Important: Note that if this argument is NULL (which is the default), the function assumes that the data has already been sorted by such an id by the user and creates an internal identifier. So if your data is not sorted and you leave this argument unspecified, the results can be inaccurate when there are more than two levels in x and there are NAs present.

type

A character specifying the type of statistical approach:

• "parametric"

• "nonparametric"

• "robust"

• "bayes"

You can specify just the initial letter.

paired

Logical that decides whether the experimental design is repeated measures/within-subjects or between-subjects. The default is FALSE.

k

Number of digits after decimal point (should be an integer) (Default: k = 2L).

conf.level

Scalar between 0 and 1 (default: 95% confidence/credible intervals, 0.95). If NULL, no confidence intervals will be computed.

effsize.type

Type of effect size needed for parametric tests. The argument can be "eta" (partial eta-squared) or "omega" (partial omega-squared).

var.equal

a logical variable indicating whether to treat the two variances as being equal. If TRUE then the pooled variance is used to estimate the variance otherwise the Welch (or Satterthwaite) approximation to the degrees of freedom is used.

bf.prior

A number between 0.5 and 2 (default 0.707), the prior width to use in calculating Bayes factors and posterior estimates. In addition to numeric arguments, several named values are also recognized: "medium", "wide", and "ultrawide", corresponding to r scale values of 1/2, sqrt(2)/2, and 1, respectively. In case of an ANOVA, this value corresponds to scale for fixed effects.

tr

Trim level for the mean when carrying out robust tests. In case of an error, try reducing the value of tr, which is by default set to 0.2. Lowering the value might help.

nboot

Number of bootstrap samples for computing confidence interval for the effect size (Default: 100L).

...

Additional arguments (currently ignored).

One-way ANOVA

The table below provides summary about:

• statistical test carried out for inferential statistics

• type of effect size estimate and a measure of uncertainty for this estimate

• functions used internally to compute these details

between-subjects

Hypothesis testing

Type	No. of groups	Test	Function used
Parametric	> 2	Fisher's or Welch's one-way ANOVA	stats::oneway.test()
Non-parametric	> 2	Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA	stats::kruskal.test()
Robust	> 2	Heteroscedastic one-way ANOVA for trimmed means	WRS2::t1way()
Bayes Factor	> 2	Fisher's ANOVA	BayesFactor::anovaBF()

Effect size estimation

Type	No. of groups	Effect size	CI available?	Function used
Parametric	> 2	partial eta-squared, partial omega-squared	Yes	effectsize::omega_squared(), effectsize::eta_squared()
Non-parametric	> 2	rank epsilon squared	Yes	effectsize::rank_epsilon_squared()
Robust	> 2	Explanatory measure of effect size	Yes	WRS2::t1way()
Bayes Factor	> 2	Bayesian R-squared	Yes	performance::r2_bayes()

within-subjects

Hypothesis testing

Type	No. of groups	Test	Function used
Parametric	> 2	One-way repeated measures ANOVA	afex::aov_ez()
Non-parametric	> 2	Friedman rank sum test	stats::friedman.test()
Robust	> 2	Heteroscedastic one-way repeated measures ANOVA for trimmed means	WRS2::rmanova()
Bayes Factor	> 2	One-way repeated measures ANOVA	BayesFactor::anovaBF()

Effect size estimation

Type	No. of groups	Effect size	CI available?	Function used
Parametric	> 2	partial eta-squared, partial omega-squared	Yes	effectsize::omega_squared(), effectsize::eta_squared()
Non-parametric	> 2	Kendall's coefficient of concordance	Yes	effectsize::kendalls_w()
Robust	> 2	Algina-Keselman-Penfield robust standardized difference average	Yes	WRS2::wmcpAKP()
Bayes Factor	> 2	Bayesian R-squared	Yes	performance::r2_bayes()

Examples

if (FALSE) { # requireNamespace("afex", quietly = TRUE)
# \donttest{
# for reproducibility
set.seed(123)
library(statsExpressions)
library(afex) # for within-subjects parametric ANOVA
options(tibble.width = Inf, pillar.bold = TRUE, pillar.neg = TRUE)

# ----------------------- parametric -------------------------------------

# between-subjects
oneway_anova(
  data = mtcars,
  x    = cyl,
  y    = wt
)

# within-subjects design
oneway_anova(
  data       = iris_long,
  x          = condition,
  y          = value,
  subject.id = id,
  paired     = TRUE
)

# ----------------------- non-parametric ----------------------------------

# between-subjects
oneway_anova(
  data = mtcars,
  x    = cyl,
  y    = wt,
  type = "np"
)

# within-subjects design
oneway_anova(
  data       = iris_long,
  x          = condition,
  y          = value,
  subject.id = id,
  paired     = TRUE,
  type       = "np"
)

# ----------------------- robust -------------------------------------

# between-subjects
oneway_anova(
  data = mtcars,
  x    = cyl,
  y    = wt,
  type = "r"
)

# within-subjects design
oneway_anova(
  data       = iris_long,
  x          = condition,
  y          = value,
  subject.id = id,
  paired     = TRUE,
  type       = "r"
)

# ----------------------- Bayesian -------------------------------------

# between-subjects
oneway_anova(
  data = mtcars,
  x    = cyl,
  y    = wt,
  type = "bayes"
)

# within-subjects design
oneway_anova(
  data       = iris_long,
  x          = condition,
  y          = value,
  subject.id = id,
  paired     = TRUE,
  type       = "bayes"
)
# }
}