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terra (version 1.8-50)

Spatial Data Analysis

Description

Methods for spatial data analysis with vector (points, lines, polygons) and raster (grid) data. Methods for vector data include geometric operations such as intersect and buffer. Raster methods include local, focal, global, zonal and geometric operations. The predict and interpolate methods facilitate the use of regression type (interpolation, machine learning) models for spatial prediction, including with satellite remote sensing data. Processing of very large files is supported. See the manual and tutorials on to get started. 'terra' replaces the 'raster' package ('terra' can do more, and it is faster and easier to use).

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Version

Install

install.packages('terra')

Monthly Downloads

207,345

Version

1.8-50

License

GPL (>= 3)

Homepage

https://rspatial.org/

Maintainer

Robert Hijmans

Last Published

May 9th, 2025

Functions in terra (1.8-50)

Apply a function to the cells of a SpatRaster

Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects

tighten SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataset objects

Conversion to a SpatVector of points

Coercion to vector, matrix or array

clamp time series data

Get the expanse (area) of individual polygons or for all (summed) raster cells

Two argument arc-tangent

Get the coordinates of SpatVector geometries or SpatRaster cells

depth of SpatRaster layers

Focal weights matrix

Focal function across two layers

Coerce a Spat* object to a list

Draw a polygon, line, extent, or points

Lagged differences

Replace values with values from another object

Make a dot-density map

Create a buffer around vector geometries or raster patches

autocorrelation

Spatial autocorrelation

Spatial interpolation

Get the geometry (coordinates) of a SpatVector

Create, get or set a SpatExtent

Estimate values for cell values that are NA by interpolating between layers

Geometry type of a SpatVector

Combine SpatRaster or SpatVector objects

Remove holes from polygons

Categorical rasters

Coerce to a "raster" object

Plot a graticule

Interpolate points using a moving window

Conversion to a SpatVector of polygons

Impose the geometry of a SpatRaster to those in a SpatRasterCollection.

Compare-methods

Compare and logical methods

Compare geometries

Set or get metadata

Plot a SpatExtent

Initialize a SpatRaster with values

Nearest neighbor interpolation

Classify (or reclassify) cell values

Bar plot of a SpatRaster

Perspective plot

Number of segments

Query by clicking on a map

Get cell numbers

Combine geometries

Perimeter or length

Add additional nodes to lines or polygons

Cut out a geographic subset

deprecated methods

Convex, concave, rectangular and circular hulls

flowAccumulation

Flow accumulation

Combine row, column, and layer numbers

Read from, or write to, file

Disaggregate raster cells or vector geometries

Erase parts of a SpatVector object

GDAL version, supported file formats, and cache size

Three-dimensional focal values

global statistics

Compute focal values with an iterating C++ function

Find gaps between polygons

Create a graticule

Distance on a grid

Apply a function to layers of a SpatRaster, or sub-datasets of a SpatRasterDataset

Detect boundaries (edges)

add a grid to a map made with terra

Factors to numeric

extract values along lines

Check if a SpatExtent or SpatVector is empty

ifelse for SpatRasters

Extract values for a range of layers from a SpatRaster

Raster value types

Area covered by each raster cell

Concatenate categorical rasters

Rolling (moving) functions

Make tiles or get their extents

SpatRaster image method

Get or set a coordinate reference system

Subdivide a raster or polygons

General mathematical methods

Data type of a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Flip or reverse a raster

force counter-clockwise polygons

Geographic distance

Make a VRT header file

Add points, lines, or polygons to a map

Fill time gaps in a SpatRaster

Add halo-ed text to a plot

select cells with high or low values

Linear units of the coordinate reference system

Extract values from a SpatRaster

Frequency table

Merge SpatRasters, or merge a SpatVector with a data.frame

Focal regression

Compare two SpatRasters for equality

Spatial selection

normalize.longitude

normalize vector data that crosses the dateline

Get focal values

Check for rotation

head and tail of a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Detect patches (clumps) of cells

SpatRaster PCA with prcomp

Sort a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Change values in-place

spin a SpatVector

Data sources of a SpatRaster

Check for longitude/latitude crs

Memory available and needed

Red-Green-Blue plot of a multi-layered SpatRaster

Spatial model predictions

Make an inset map

units of SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataSet

Rasterize geometric properties of vector data

terrain characteristics

Get or compute the minimum and maximum cell values

merge SpatRasters by timelines to create a single timeseries

Correlation and (weighted) covariance

Split a SpatRaster or SpatVector

color palettes for mapping

Change values in a file

Find and remove geometries that are NA

add a custom legend

Virtual Raster Dataset

mosaic SpatRasters

row/col sums and means for SpatRaster

Rectify a SpatRaster

Rasterize points with a moving window

Get the coordinates of the extent of a map

Where are the cells with the min or max values?

filenames of VRT tiles

Rotate data along longitude

Fill layers with a range

Check or fix polygon or extent validity

Create a SpatRasterCollection

Check for rotation

Names of Spat* objects

nearby geometries

Which cells are TRUE?

Value matching for SpatRasters

Mask values in a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Pit Finder in a Flow Dir SpatRaster for Watershed Extraction

Pairs plot (matrix of scatterplots)

Replicate layers

Plot with leaflet

Quantiles of spatial data

Apply a function to subsets of layers of a SpatRaster

Spatial relationships between geometries

Transfer values of a SpatRaster to another one with a different geometry

Replace values of a SpatRaster

Cell level regression

Query a SpatVectorProxy object

Description of the methods in the terra package

Compare coordinate reference systems

Take a regular sample

Scatterplot of two SpatRaster layers

Scale (gain) and offset

Create a SpatRaster

Apply a terra function that takes only a single layer and returns a SpatRaster to all layers of a SpatRaster

SpatRaster PCA with princomp

Union SpatVector or SpatExtent objects

Select the values of a range of layers, as specified by cell values in another SpatRaster

Cell values and geometry attributes

Set the values of raster cells or of geometry attributes

Rasterize vector data

Compute surface area from elevation data

Change the coordinate reference system

Vector topology methods

Read all cell values into memory

saveRDS and serialize for SpatVector and SpatRaster*

Replace with $<-

variable and long variable names

Write raster data to a file

Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector

Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector

Create a SpatRasterDataset

Write raster data to a NetCDF file

Replace layers or variables

Extract values from a SpatRaster, SpatVector or SpatExtent

Create SpatVector objects

List or remove layers from a vector file

Add labels to a map

simplifyGeom geometries

Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector

Scale values linearly

Trim a SpatRaster

replace cell values

Write SpatVector data to a file

time of SpatRaster layers

Create a SpatVectorCollection

SpatVector geometric properties

Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangles

Temporary files

Apply a function to the cells of two SpatRasters

wrap and unwrap

Symmetrical difference

Compute a viewshed

Get or set single values of an extent

SpatRaster wrap with caching options

Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa

Catchment delineation

Zoom in on a map

Weighted mean of layers

Zonal statistics

Active category

Add (in place) a SpatRaster to another SpatRaster or to a SpatRasterDataset or SpatRasterCollection

Number of immediate adjacent cells flowing into each cell

Conversion to a SpatVector of lines

Set the NA flag

Compare two SpatRasters for equality

SpatRaster-class

SpatRaster class

SpatRaster or SpatVector to data.frame

SpatVector-class

Class "SpatVector"

Create a text representation of (the skeleton of) an object

Align a SpatExtent

Adjacent cells or polygons

Animate a SpatRaster

Aggregate raster or vector data

Layers representing colors

SpatExtent-class

Class "SpatExtent"

Box plot of SpatRaster data