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terra (version 1.8-60)

Spatial Data Analysis

Description

Methods for spatial data analysis with vector (points, lines, polygons) and raster (grid) data. Methods for vector data include geometric operations such as intersect and buffer. Raster methods include local, focal, global, zonal and geometric operations. The predict and interpolate methods facilitate the use of regression type (interpolation, machine learning) models for spatial prediction, including with satellite remote sensing data. Processing of very large files is supported. See the manual and tutorials on to get started. 'terra' replaces the 'raster' package ('terra' can do more, and it is faster and easier to use).

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Version

Install

install.packages('terra')

Monthly Downloads

185,852

Version

1.8-60

License

GPL (>= 3)

Homepage

https://rspatial.org/

Maintainer

Robert Hijmans

Last Published

July 21st, 2025

Functions in terra (1.8-60)

Coerce a Spat* object to a list

Compare two SpatRasters for equality

Align a SpatExtent

Apply a function to the cells of a SpatRaster

Conversion to a SpatVector of lines

Aggregate raster or vector data

Area covered by each raster cell

Coerce to a "raster" object

Create a buffer around vector geometries or raster patches

Bar plot of a SpatRaster

Box plot of SpatRaster data

Compare geometries

SpatRaster or SpatVector to data.frame

Get cell numbers

Create a text representation of (the skeleton of) an object

Classify (or reclassify) cell values

Two argument arc-tangent

Concatenate categorical rasters

clamp time series data

Get or set a coordinate reference system

Coercion to vector, matrix or array

Combine SpatRaster or SpatVector objects

autocorrelation

Spatial autocorrelation

Factors to numeric

Combine geometries

Detect boundaries (edges)

Compare-methods

Compare and logical methods

Disaggregate raster cells or vector geometries

Geographic distance

Conversion to a SpatVector of polygons

Query by clicking on a map

Conversion to a SpatVector of points

Replace values with values from another object

Cut out a geographic subset

Estimate values for cell values that are NA by interpolating between layers

Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects

Add additional nodes to lines or polygons

Find gaps between polygons

Data type of a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Frequency table

Get the coordinates of SpatVector geometries or SpatRaster cells

Three-dimensional focal values

head and tail of a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Extract values from a SpatRaster

Lagged differences

Compute focal values with an iterating C++ function

Check if a SpatExtent or SpatVector is empty

extract values along lines

Remove holes from polygons

Draw a polygon, line, extent, or points

Create, get or set a SpatExtent

Extract values for a range of layers from a SpatRaster

Get focal values

Check or fix polygon or extent validity

Categorical rasters

force counter-clockwise polygons

GDAL version, supported file formats, and cache size

tighten SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataset objects

deprecated methods

Fill time gaps in a SpatRaster

Focal function across two layers

Get the geometry (coordinates) of a SpatVector

depth of SpatRaster layers

Subdivide a raster or polygons

Focal weights matrix

Convex, concave, rectangular and circular hulls

Create a graticule

Make a dot-density map

Compare two SpatRasters for equality

Distance on a grid

ifelse for SpatRasters

Focal regression

Erase parts of a SpatVector object

Value matching for SpatRasters

Correlation and (weighted) covariance

General mathematical methods

Names of Spat* objects

Is a SpatRaster is flipped

Get the expanse (area) of individual polygons or for all (summed) raster cells

add a grid to a map made with terra

Make an inset map

Apply a function to layers of a SpatRaster, or sub-datasets of a SpatRasterDataset

Merge SpatRasters, or merge a SpatVector with a data.frame

Rasterize vector data

Initialize a SpatRaster with values

Interpolate points using a moving window

SpatRaster PCA with princomp

Flip or reverse a raster

Memory available and needed

Spatial model predictions

Add halo-ed text to a plot

Perspective plot

Plot a graticule

global statistics

Pit Finder in a Flow Dir SpatRaster for Watershed Extraction

flowAccumulation

Flow accumulation

Find and remove geometries that are NA

Geometry type of a SpatVector

SpatRaster image method

Combine row, column, and layer numbers

SpatRaster PCA with prcomp

Rasterize points with a moving window

add a custom legend

Raster value types

Impose the geometry of a SpatRaster to those in a SpatRasterCollection.

Replicate layers

Replace with $<-

Nearest neighbor interpolation

Change values in-place

Check for longitude/latitude crs

Spatial interpolation

Add points, lines, or polygons to a map

Linear units of the coordinate reference system

Rolling (moving) functions

Rotate data along longitude

color palettes for mapping

Rasterize geometric properties of vector data

Make a VRT header file

Create a SpatRasterDataset

Check for rotation

Get the coordinates of the extent of a map

nearby geometries

Scale (gain) and offset

saveRDS and serialize for SpatVector and SpatRaster*

Pairs plot (matrix of scatterplots)

Make tiles or get their extents

normalize.longitude

normalize vector data that crosses the dateline

time of SpatRaster layers

Plot with leaflet

mosaic SpatRasters

merge SpatRasters by timelines to create a single timeseries

Perimeter or length

Set the values of raster cells or of geometry attributes

Mask values in a SpatRaster or SpatVector

filenames of VRT tiles

Change the coordinate reference system

Fill layers with a range

Detect patches (clumps) of cells

Query a SpatVectorProxy object

select cells with high or low values

Cell level regression

Set or get metadata

Extract values from a SpatRaster, SpatVector or SpatExtent

Spatial relationships between geometries

Select the values of a range of layers, as specified by cell values in another SpatRaster

Temporary files

Spatial selection

Rectify a SpatRaster

Catchment delineation

Number of segments

Read all cell values into memory

replace cell values

Description of the methods in the terra package

Quantiles of spatial data

Create a SpatRasterCollection

Split a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Read from, or write to, file

Create a SpatRaster

Apply a function to subsets of layers of a SpatRaster

Get or compute the minimum and maximum cell values

Vector topology methods

Symmetrical difference

Replace layers or variables

Scale values linearly

Compare coordinate reference systems

row/col sums and means for SpatRaster

Scatterplot of two SpatRaster layers

Replace values of a SpatRaster

Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector

Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector

Red-Green-Blue plot of a multi-layered SpatRaster

Write SpatVector data to a file

List or remove layers from a vector file

Trim a SpatRaster

Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa

Zonal statistics

Compute surface area from elevation data

Write raster data to a file

Create a SpatVectorCollection

Create SpatVector objects

variable and long variable names

Take a regular sample

Transfer values of a SpatRaster to another one with a different geometry

Weighted mean of layers

Union SpatVector or SpatExtent objects

Plot a SpatExtent

Compute a viewshed

Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector

Where are the cells with the min or max values?

Zoom in on a map

Apply a terra function that takes only a single layer and returns a SpatRaster to all layers of a SpatRaster

terrain characteristics

Add labels to a map

units of SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataSet

Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangles

spin a SpatVector

Sort a SpatRaster or SpatVector

wrap and unwrap

Data sources of a SpatRaster

Virtual Raster Dataset

simplifyGeom geometries

SpatVector geometric properties

Which cells are TRUE?

Change values in a file

Cell values and geometry attributes

SpatRaster wrap with caching options

Get or set single values of an extent

Write raster data to a NetCDF file

Apply a function to the cells of two SpatRasters

Set the NA flag

Add (in place) a SpatRaster to another SpatRaster or to a SpatRasterDataset or SpatRasterCollection

Adjacent cells or polygons

SpatRaster-class

SpatRaster class

Animate a SpatRaster

Number of immediate adjacent cells flowing into each cell

Active category

Layers representing colors

SpatExtent-class

Class "SpatExtent"

SpatVector-class

Class "SpatVector"