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terra (version 1.9-11)

Spatial Data Analysis

Description

Methods for spatial data analysis with vector (points, lines, polygons) and raster (grid) data. Methods for vector data include geometric operations such as intersect and buffer. Raster methods include local, focal, global, zonal and geometric operations. The predict and interpolate methods facilitate the use of regression type (interpolation, machine learning) models for spatial prediction, including with satellite remote sensing data. Processing of very large files is supported. See the manual and tutorials on to get started.

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Version

Install

install.packages('terra')

Monthly Downloads

193,759

Version

1.9-11

License

GPL (>= 3)

Homepage

https://rspatial.org/

Maintainer

Robert Hijmans

Last Published

March 26th, 2026

Functions in terra (1.9-11)

autocorrelation

Spatial autocorrelation

Create a text representation of (the skeleton of) an object

Conversion to a SpatVector of polygons

Conversion to a SpatVector of points

Box plot of SpatRaster data

SpatRaster or SpatVector to data.frame

Detect boundaries (edges)

clamp time series data

Make a SpatRaster method memory-safe

Conversion to a SpatVector of lines

Classify (or reclassify) cell values

Coerce a Spat* object to a list

Factors to numeric

Create a buffer around vector geometries or raster patches

Get the coordinates of SpatVector geometries or SpatRaster cells

Query by clicking on a map

Combine SpatRaster or SpatVector objects

Coerce to a "raster" object

Convex, concave, rectangular and circular hulls

Two argument arc-tangent

Replace values with values from another object

Get or set a coordinate reference system

Coercion to vector, matrix or array

Get cell numbers

Area covered by each raster cell

Combine geometries

Bar plot of a SpatRaster

Compare-methods

Compare and logical methods

Cut out a geographic subset

Compare geometries

Add additional nodes to lines or polygons

Get the expanse (area) of individual polygons or for all (summed) raster cells

tighten SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataset objects

Create, get or set a SpatExtent

Draw a polygon, line, extent, or points

flowAccumulation

Flow accumulation

deprecated methods

Remove or extract holes from polygons, or fill holes in raster data

Make a dot-density map

Data type of a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Categorical rasters

Subdivide a raster or polygons

depth of SpatRaster layers

Disaggregate raster cells or vector geometries

Geographic distance

Concatenate categorical rasters

Fill time gaps in a SpatRaster

Extract values from a SpatRaster

extract values along lines

GDAL version, supported file formats, cache size, and PROJ coordinate transformation control

Lagged differences

Extract values for a range of layers from a SpatRaster

Find gaps between polygons

Flip or reverse a raster

Compute focal values with an iterating C++ function

Three-dimensional focal values

Focal function across two layers

Focal weights matrix

Get the geometry (coordinates) of a SpatVector

force counter-clockwise polygons

Geometry type of a SpatVector

Frequency table

Focal regression

Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects

Add halo-ed text to a plot

Erase parts of a SpatVector object

Get focal values

ifelse for SpatRasters

global statistics

Compare two SpatRaster, SpatVector or SpatExtent objects for equality

Create a graticule

add a grid to a map made with terra

SpatRaster image method

Make an inset map

Change values in-place

Nearest neighbor interpolation

Interpolate points using a moving window

Impose the geometry of a SpatRaster to those in a SpatRasterCollection.

head and tail of a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Correlation and (weighted) covariance

Initialize a SpatRaster with values

Check if a SpatExtent or SpatVector is empty

Apply a function to layers of a SpatRaster, or sub-datasets of a SpatRasterDataset

Check for rotation

add a custom legend

Raster value types

Distance on a grid

Check for longitude/latitude crs

Memory available and needed

Is a SpatRaster is flipped

Linear units of the coordinate reference system

Spatial interpolation

General mathematical methods

color palettes for mapping

Check or fix polygon or extent validity

Add points, lines, or polygons to a map

Get or compute the minimum and maximum cell values

Value matching for SpatRasters

Get the coordinates of the extent of a map

Mask values in a SpatRaster or SpatVector

nearby geometries

Names of Spat* objects

Make a VRT header file

Make tiles or get their extents

Set or get metadata

Detect patches (clumps) of cells

Perspective plot

Perimeter or length

Pairs plot (matrix of scatterplots)

Merge SpatRasters, or merge a SpatVector with a data.frame

merge SpatRasters by timelines to create a single timeseries

Find and remove geometries that are NA

Number of segments

mosaic SpatRasters

Pit Finder in a Flow Dir SpatRaster for Watershed Extraction

Plot a SpatExtent

Plot with leaflet

SpatRaster PCA with prcomp

Spatial model predictions

Change the coordinate reference system

SpatRaster PCA with princomp

Red-Green-Blue plot of a multi-layered SpatRaster

normalize.longitude

normalize vector data that crosses the dateline

Combine row, column, and layer numbers

Fill layers with a range

Quantiles of spatial data

Plot a graticule

Rasterize vector data

Read from, or write to, file

Query a SpatVectorProxy object

Create a SpatRaster

Replicate layers

Spatial relationships between geometries

Replace values of a SpatRaster

Rolling (moving) functions

Rasterize geometric properties of vector data

Take a regular sample

Scale values linearly

Compare coordinate reference systems

row/col sums and means for SpatRaster

Rasterize points with a moving window

Rectify a SpatRaster

Cell level regression

Rotate data along longitude

Sort a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Spatial selection

Scatterplot of two SpatRaster layers

Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector

select cells with high or low values

Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector

Transfer values of a SpatRaster to another one with a different geometry

Replace with $<-

Set the values of raster cells or of geometry attributes

Data sources of a SpatRaster

Apply a terra function that takes only a single layer and returns a SpatRaster to all layers of a SpatRaster

Scale (gain) and offset

Replace layers or variables

Create a SpatRasterDataset

Create a SpatRasterCollection

spin a SpatVector

Select the values of a range of layers, as specified by cell values in another SpatRaster

saveRDS and serialize for SpatVector and SpatRaster*

Compute surface area from elevation data

Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector

Split a SpatRaster or SpatVector

replace cell values

Temporary files

time of SpatRaster layers

Extract values from a SpatRaster, SpatVector or SpatExtent

terrain characteristics

Symmetrical difference

Create a SpatVectorCollection

Trim a SpatRaster

Union SpatVector or SpatExtent objects

Add labels to a map

variable and long variable names

Cell values and geometry attributes

simplifyGeom geometries

wrap and unwrap

SpatRaster wrap with caching options

filenames of VRT tiles

List or remove layers from a vector file

Virtual Raster Dataset

Create SpatVector objects

Apply a function to subsets of layers of a SpatRaster

Where are the cells with the min or max values?

Change values in a file

Compute a viewshed

Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangles

units of SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataSet

SpatVector geometric properties

Read all cell values into memory

Description of the methods in the terra package

Vector topology methods

Write raster data to a NetCDF file

Which cells are TRUE?

Zonal statistics

Write raster data to a file

Catchment delineation

Write SpatVector data to a file

Apply a function to the cells of two SpatRasters

Weighted mean of layers

Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa

Zoom in on a map

Get or set single values of an extent