# turns

0th

Percentile

##### Turning Points of a Time Series

Extracts and analyzes turn points of an univariate timeSeries object.

Keywords
chron
##### Usage
turns(x, ...)turnsStats(x, doplot = TRUE)
##### Arguments
x
an univariate 'timeSeries' object of financial indices or prices.
...
optional arguments passed to the function na.omit.
doplot
a logical flag, should the results be plotted? By default TRUE.
##### Details

The function turns determines the number and the position of extrema (turning points, either peaks or pits) in a regular time series. The function turnsStats calculates the quantity of information associated to the observations in this series, according to Kendall's information theory. The functions are borrowed from the contributed R package pastecs and made ready for working together with univariate timeSeries objects. You need not to load the R package pastecs, the code parts we need here are builtin in the timeSeries package. We have renamed the function turnpoints to turns to distinguish between the original function in the contributed R package pastecs and our Rmetrics function wrapper. For further details please consult the help page from the contributed R package pastecs.

##### Value

• turns returns an object of class timeSeries. turnsStats returns an object of class turnpoints with the following entries: data - The dataset to which the calculation is done. n - The number of observations. points - The value of the points in the series, after elimination of ex-aequos. pos - The position of the points on the time scale in the series (including ex-aequos). exaequos - Location of exaequos (1), or not (0). nturns - Total number of tunring points in the whole time series. firstispeak - Is the first turning point a peak (TRUE), or not (FALSE). peaks - Logical vector. Location of the peaks in the time series without ex-aequos. pits - Logical vector. Location of the pits in the time series without ex-aequos. tppos - Position of the turning points in the initial series (with ex-aequos). proba - Probability to find a turning point at this location. info - Quantity of information associated with this point.

##### References

Ibanez, F., 1982, Sur une nouvelle application de la theorie de l'information a la description des series chronologiques planctoniques. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 4, 619--632

Kendall, M.G., 1976, Time Series, 2nd ed. Charles Griffin and Co, London.

• turns
• turnsStats
##### Examples
library(timeSeries) ## Load Swiss Equities Series - SPI.RET <- LPP2005REC[, "SPI"] head(SPI.RET) ## Cumulate and Smooth the Series - SPI <- smoothLowess(cumulated(SPI.RET), f=0.05) plot(SPI) ## Plot Turn Points Series - SPI.SMOOTH <- SPI[, 2] tP <- turns(SPI.SMOOTH) plot(tP) ## Compute Statistics - turnsStats(SPI.SMOOTH)
Documentation reproduced from package timeSeries, version 3022.101.2, License: GPL (>= 2)

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