tmvtnorm (version 1.4-10)

dtmvt: Truncated Multivariate Student t Density

Description

This function provides the joint density function for the truncated multivariate Student t distribution with mean vector equal to mean, covariance matrix sigma, degrees of freedom parameter df and lower and upper truncation points lower and upper.

Usage

dtmvt(x, mean = rep(0, nrow(sigma)), sigma = diag(length(mean)), df = 1, 
lower = rep(-Inf, length = length(mean)), 
upper = rep(Inf, length = length(mean)), log = FALSE)

Arguments

x

Vector or matrix of quantiles. If x is a matrix, each row is taken to be a quantile.

mean

Mean vector, default is rep(0, nrow(sigma)).

sigma

Covariance matrix, default is diag(length(mean)).

df

degrees of freedom parameter

lower

Vector of lower truncation points, default is rep(-Inf, length = length(mean)).

upper

Vector of upper truncation points, default is rep( Inf, length = length(mean)).

log

Logical; if TRUE, densities d are given as log(d).

Value

a numeric vector with density values

Details

The Truncated Multivariate Student t Distribution is a conditional Multivariate Student t distribution subject to (linear) constraints \(a \le \bold{x} \le b\).

The density of the \(p\)-variate Multivariate Student t distribution with \(\nu\) degrees of freedom is $$ f(\bold{x}) = \frac{\Gamma((\nu + p)/2)}{(\pi\nu)^{p/2} \Gamma(\nu/2) \|\Sigma\|^{1/2}} [ 1 + \frac{1}{\nu} (x - \mu)^T \Sigma^{-1} (x - \mu) ]^{- (\nu + p) / 2} $$ The density of the truncated distribution \(f_{a,b}(x)\) with constraints \((a \le x \le b)\) is accordingly $$ f_{a,b}(x) = \frac{f(\bold{x})} {P(a \le x \le b)} $$

References

Geweke, J. F. (1991) Efficient simulation from the multivariate normal and Student-t distributions subject to linear constraints and the evaluation of constraint probabilities. http://www.biz.uiowa.edu/faculty/jgeweke/papers/paper47/paper47.pdf

Samuel Kotz, Saralees Nadarajah (2004). Multivariate t Distributions and Their Applications. Cambridge University Press

See Also

ptmvt and rtmvt for probabilities and random number generation in the truncated case, see dmvt, rmvt and pmvt for the untruncated multi-t distribution.

Examples

# NOT RUN {
# Example

x1 <- seq(-2, 3, by=0.1)
x2 <- seq(-2, 3, by=0.1)

mean <- c(0,0)
sigma <- matrix(c(1, -0.5, -0.5, 1), 2, 2)
lower <- c(-1,-1)


density <- function(x)
{
	z=dtmvt(x, mean=mean, sigma=sigma, lower=lower)
	z
}

fgrid <- function(x, y, f)
{
	z <- matrix(nrow=length(x), ncol=length(y))
	for(m in 1:length(x)){
		for(n in 1:length(y)){
			z[m,n] <- f(c(x[m], y[n]))
		}
	}
	z
}

# compute multivariate-t density d for grid
d <- fgrid(x1, x2, function(x) dtmvt(x, mean=mean, sigma=sigma, lower=lower))

# compute multivariate normal density d for grid
d2 <- fgrid(x1, x2, function(x) dtmvnorm(x, mean=mean, sigma=sigma, lower=lower))

# plot density as contourplot
contour(x1, x2, d, nlevels=5, main="Truncated Multivariate t Density", 
		xlab=expression(x[1]), ylab=expression(x[2]))

contour(x1, x2, d2, nlevels=5, add=TRUE, col="red")
abline(v=-1, lty=3, lwd=2)
abline(h=-1, lty=3, lwd=2)
# }