According to Libiseller and Grimvall (2002), the expected value for
the Mann-Kendall Score of variable "a" that is correlated with the covariate
"b" is:
\(E = S_b * \sigma_{ab} / \sigma_{bb}\)
Furthermore, the expected variance of "a" is:
\(Var = \sigma_{aa} - \sigma_{ab} / \sigma_{bb} * \sigma_{ba}\)
Finally, the Z-Quantile is defined as:
\(Z = (S_a - E) / \sqrt(Var)\)