careful_escalation: Dose selection function that practices careful escalation.
Description
Dose selection function that avoids dose-skipping in escalation and
advocates stopping when there is sufficient evidence that the risk of
toxicity at a reference dose exceeds some threshold.
numeric, the required confidence that the risk of
toxicity exceeds `tox_threshold` to advocate stopping.
reference_dose
the integer index of the reference dose. 1 by default,
i.e. the lowest dose-level.
start_dose
the integer index of the desired starting dose. 1 by
default. This is required for the function to give the desired answer when
no patients have yet been treated.