verification (version 1.02)

leps: Linear Error in Probability Space (LEPS)

Description

Calculates the linear error in probability spaces. This is the mean absolute difference between the forecast cumulative distribution value (cdf) and the observation. This function creates the empirical cdf function for the observations using the sample population. Linear interpretation is used to estimate the cdf values between observation values. Therefore; this may produce awkward results with small datasets.

Usage

## S3 method for class 'default':
leps(x, pred, plot = TRUE, \dots )

Arguments

x

A vector of observations or a verification object with ``cont.cont'' properties.

pred

A vector of predictions.

plot

Logical to generate a plot or not.

...

Additional plotting options.

Value

• If assigned to an object, the following values are reported.
• leps.0
  Negatively oriented score on the [0,1] scale, where 0 is a perfect score.
• leps.1
  Positively oriented score proposed by Potts.

References

DeQue, Michel. (2003) ``Continuous Variables'' Chapter 5, Forecast Verification: A Practitioner's Guide in Atmospheric Science.

Potts, J. M., Folland, C.K., Jolliffe, I.T. and Secton, D. (1996) ``Revised `LEPS' scores fore assessing climate model simulations and long-range forecasts.'' J. Climate, 9, pp. 34-54.

Examples

obs <- rnorm(100, mean = 1, sd = sqrt(50))
 pred<-  rnorm(100, mean = 10, sd = sqrt(500))

 leps(obs, pred)