yardstick

Overview

yardstick is a package to estimate how well models are working using tidy data principles. See the package webpage for more information.

Installation

To install the package:

install.packages("yardstick")

# Development version:
devtools::install_github("tidymodels/yardstick")

Two class metric

For example, suppose you create a classification model and predict on a new data set. You might have data that looks like this:

library(yardstick)
library(dplyr)

head(two_class_example)
#>    truth  Class1   Class2 predicted
#> 1 Class2 0.00359 0.996411    Class2
#> 2 Class1 0.67862 0.321379    Class1
#> 3 Class2 0.11089 0.889106    Class2
#> 4 Class1 0.73516 0.264838    Class1
#> 5 Class2 0.01624 0.983760    Class2
#> 6 Class1 0.99928 0.000725    Class1

You can use a dplyr-like syntax to compute common performance characteristics of the model and get them back in a data frame:

metrics(two_class_example, truth, predicted)
#> # A tibble: 2 x 3
#>   .metric  .estimator .estimate
#>   <chr>    <chr>          <dbl>
#> 1 accuracy binary         0.838
#> 2 kap      binary         0.675

# or 

two_class_example %>% 
  roc_auc(truth, Class1)
#> # A tibble: 1 x 3
#>   .metric .estimator .estimate
#>   <chr>   <chr>          <dbl>
#> 1 roc_auc binary         0.939

Multiclass metrics

All classification metrics have at least one multiclass extension, with many of them having multiple ways to calculate multiclass metrics.

data("hpc_cv")
hpc_cv <- as_tibble(hpc_cv)
hpc_cv
#> # A tibble: 3,467 x 7
#>    obs   pred     VF      F       M          L Resample
#>    <fct> <fct> <dbl>  <dbl>   <dbl>      <dbl> <chr>   
#>  1 VF    VF    0.914 0.0779 0.00848 0.0000199  Fold01  
#>  2 VF    VF    0.938 0.0571 0.00482 0.0000101  Fold01  
#>  3 VF    VF    0.947 0.0495 0.00316 0.00000500 Fold01  
#>  4 VF    VF    0.929 0.0653 0.00579 0.0000156  Fold01  
#>  5 VF    VF    0.942 0.0543 0.00381 0.00000729 Fold01  
#>  6 VF    VF    0.951 0.0462 0.00272 0.00000384 Fold01  
#>  7 VF    VF    0.914 0.0782 0.00767 0.0000354  Fold01  
#>  8 VF    VF    0.918 0.0744 0.00726 0.0000157  Fold01  
#>  9 VF    VF    0.843 0.128  0.0296  0.000192   Fold01  
#> 10 VF    VF    0.920 0.0728 0.00703 0.0000147  Fold01  
#> # ... with 3,457 more rows

# Macro averaged multiclass precision
precision(hpc_cv, obs, pred)
#> # A tibble: 1 x 3
#>   .metric   .estimator .estimate
#>   <chr>     <chr>          <dbl>
#> 1 precision macro          0.631

# Micro averaged multiclass precision
precision(hpc_cv, obs, pred, estimator = "micro")
#> # A tibble: 1 x 3
#>   .metric   .estimator .estimate
#>   <chr>     <chr>          <dbl>
#> 1 precision micro          0.709

Calculating metrics on resamples

If you have multiple resamples of a model, you can use a metric on a grouped data frame to calculate the metric across all resamples at once.

This calculates multiclass ROC AUC using the method described in Hand, Till (2001), and does it across all 10 resamples at once.

hpc_cv %>%
  group_by(Resample) %>%
  roc_auc(obs, VF:L)
#> # A tibble: 10 x 4
#>    Resample .metric .estimator .estimate
#>    <chr>    <chr>   <chr>          <dbl>
#>  1 Fold01   roc_auc hand_till      0.831
#>  2 Fold02   roc_auc hand_till      0.817
#>  3 Fold03   roc_auc hand_till      0.869
#>  4 Fold04   roc_auc hand_till      0.849
#>  5 Fold05   roc_auc hand_till      0.811
#>  6 Fold06   roc_auc hand_till      0.836
#>  7 Fold07   roc_auc hand_till      0.825
#>  8 Fold08   roc_auc hand_till      0.846
#>  9 Fold09   roc_auc hand_till      0.836
#> 10 Fold10   roc_auc hand_till      0.820

Autoplot methods for easy visualization

Curve based methods such as roc_curve(), pr_curve() and gain_curve() all have ggplot2::autoplot() methods that allow for powerful and easy visualization.

library(ggplot2)

hpc_cv %>%
  group_by(Resample) %>%
  roc_curve(obs, VF:L) %>%
  autoplot()

Quasiquotation

Quasiquotation can also be used to supply inputs.

# probability columns:
lvl <- levels(two_class_example$truth)

two_class_example %>% 
  mn_log_loss(truth, !! lvl[1])
#> # A tibble: 1 x 3
#>   .metric     .estimator .estimate
#>   <chr>       <chr>          <dbl>
#> 1 mn_log_loss binary         0.328